Hazards and Complications of Retrograde Aortography and Arteriography

Abstract

Arteriography and aortography have become essential studies in the eval uation of patients with symptoms of cerebral-vascular disease, hypertension, and certain visceral disturbances, as well as peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The surgical correction of lesions of the maj or branches of the aorta has stimulated the development of techniques for radiographic visualization of these vessels. Angiographic procedures, once formerly limited to vascular specialists, are now carried out with increasing frequency by most radiologists, urologists, neurosurgeons, and some internists pursuing special medical interests. The retrograde catheter and cannula inj ection methods are widely accepted because of relative simplicity, as well as the excellent visualization attained. This same simplicity, however, obscures the hazards inherent in any procedure which invades the arterial tree. Reports of complications are finding a place in medical literature with increasing frequency.The purpose of this paper is to describe various complications that we

Revisiting Legal and Ethical Challenges in Fulfilling Human Right to Clean Air in Indonesia

“…According to AQLI, Indonesia is ranked number five in the world regarding reduced life spans due to exposure to particulate pollution. 83 Various data have given warning about this condition and it is without a doubt a human rights issue.…”