Hazardous waste characterization implications of updating the toxicity characteristic list

Intrakamhaeng, Vicharana; Clavier, Kyle A.; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121171

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…41 TCLP test determines the As limit as 5 mg/L, recently reduced to 1 mg/L. 56 The summarized results of various toxicity characteristics are shown in Table I. Lim et al studied the As toxicity in various types of LEDs (color/lumen) and reported the values as 5-111 mg/kg, which is under the regulatory limits (500 mg/kg).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Recycling of End-of-Life Light-Emitting Diodes for Metal Recovery

Mir

Vaishampayan

Dhawan

2022

JOM

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The generation of end-of-life light-emitting diodes (LEDs) requires efforts to minimize waste and recycle critical raw elements (gallium, indium, and rare earths). This review critically analyzes recycling processes such as physical, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical treatments. An insight into gallium compounds (GaN, GaAs) and their influence on recycling strategies is provided. Pre-treatment plays a critical role in dissociating the rigid structure of GaN. The major gaps in recycling are identification, segregation, selective recovery, and limited studies on the elemental flow of toxic arsenic. It is calculated that the processing of 1 ton of LEDs is equivalent to 7.8 tons, 3.2 tons, and 42 tons of primary Ga ore, In ore, and Au ore in metallurgical value, respectively. The market value calculations revealed significant economic values of Au, Ag, and REEs. A recycling flowsheet based on the literature for the holistic recovery of Ga, In, Au, and REEs is proposed.

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Section: Characteristics Of Ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Recycling of End-of-Life Light-Emitting Diodes for Metal Recovery

Mir

Vaishampayan

Dhawan

2022

JOM

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“…Under high-temperature treatment, heavy metal elements could solubilize into the lattices of grains in porous ceramics, and salts would decompose and volatize. [62][63][64] The leaching concentrations of elements Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Mn in porous ceramics are shown in Table 4, which are far below the TCLP regulatory limit, 65 and meet the "Identification Standard of Hazardous Waste-Identification for extraction toxicity" (GB 5085. . Therefore, this approach for recycling SAD has efficiently solved their hazardous characteristics and threats to environment, meanwhile high-value added porous ceramics have been developed, which could become promising materials for thermal insulators or lightweight structural components.…”

Section: Improvement Of Porosity By Adding Cenospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous ceramics with near‐zero shrinkage and low thermal conductivity from hazardous secondary aluminum dross

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc

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Herein, a simple, versatile, and low-cost approach has been proposed to realize the green utilization of secondary aluminum dross, the hazardous solid waste, namely directly sintering dry-pressed green bodies from secondary aluminum dross to fabricate porous ceramics according to high-temperature foaming process spontaneously without adding spare foaming agents. Aluminum nitride (AlN) in secondary aluminum dross was employed to realize high-temperature foaming due to its oxidation, which makes traditional AlN and salts removal process needless. Moreover, near-zero shrinkage or even expansion during sintering of porous ceramics have occurred because in-situ foaming process together with the oxidation of Al particles well offset the sintering shrinkage. After sintering at 1400 • C for 2 h, porous ceramics composed of α-Al 2 O 3 and spinel phases with open porosity of 37.91%, sintering expansion rate of 1.13%, flexural strength of 45.67 MPa, and thermal conductivity of 0.97 W/(m⋅K) have been prepared. Cenospheres as pore-forming agents have been added to further improve the porosity, and alumina-based porous ceramics with open porosity of 28.39%-43.20% and flexural strength of 15.80-52.48 MPa have been obtained. This effective solution for recycling secondary aluminum dross could supply high-performance porous ceramics, which is expected to be applied in the fields of light-weight structural components and thermal insulations.

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“…Some of the methods which plays a pivotal role in managing plastics waste are synthetic lightweight aggregate technology, polymer concrete, etc. are discussed [10][11][12][13][14]. Further, the studies suggests that the changes at the operation site to industries engaged with disposal of plastics waste and analyze some of the parameters to execute in plastic manufacturing [15][16][17].…”

Section: Solid Waste Management In Indian Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sand-plastic composites as floor tiles using silica sand and recycled thermoplastics mixture from post-consumer products - A sustainable approach for cleaner production

Soni

Das

2022

Preprint

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Strict environmental concern, depleting natural recourses and increasing demand of building construction materials has driven the scientific study towards alternative building materials. This research supports the idea of sustainability and circular economy via utilization of waste to produce value-added products. This research explores the potential of waste plastics and silica sand for the development of thermoplastic composite materials as floor tiles. The developed floor tiles were characterized for water absorption compressive strength, flexural strength and sliding wear. The morphological analysis of the sand-plastic interfaces was coved under the umbrella of this study. The maximum compressive and flexural strength obtained to be 46.20 N/mm2 and 6.24 N/mm2 respectively. Moreover, the minimum water absorption (%) and wear rate were found to be 0.039 and 0.143×10− 8 kg/meter respectively. The study suggests the workability of the developed floor tiles in non-traffic areas of public places. Thus, the study provides a green building material through recycling of waste plastics for sustainable development.

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Hazardous waste characterization implications of updating the toxicity characteristic list

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

A Review on Recycling of End-of-Life Light-Emitting Diodes for Metal Recovery

A Review on Recycling of End-of-Life Light-Emitting Diodes for Metal Recovery

Porous ceramics with near‐zero shrinkage and low thermal conductivity from hazardous secondary aluminum dross

Development of sand-plastic composites as floor tiles using silica sand and recycled thermoplastics mixture from post-consumer products - A sustainable approach for cleaner production

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