Hazardous Use of Gamma Hydroxybutyrate: Driving Under the Influence

Barker, Judith C.; Karsoho, Hadi

doi:10.1080/10826080802237928

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[49 -51] Most subjects reported that they would use GHB again despite severe negative consequences. [53] The impact of GHB on several aspects of sexuality (increased desire and arousal, decreased inhibition, greater willingness to engage in sexual activity) is clearly recognized by all users, but the risk of unsafe sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases is not appreciated. [53] The impact of GHB on several aspects of sexuality (increased desire and arousal, decreased inhibition, greater willingness to engage in sexual activity) is clearly recognized by all users, but the risk of unsafe sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases is not appreciated.…”

Section: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (Ghb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[52] Driving under the influence of GHB and its major consequences are another major point not well recognized by users. [53] The impact of GHB on several aspects of sexuality (increased desire and arousal, decreased inhibition, greater willingness to engage in sexual activity) is clearly recognized by all users, but the risk of unsafe sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases is not appreciated. [52,54] Interactions between GHB, other recreational drugs and drugs commonly used in the management of HIV-positive patients can occur and may be associated with serious clinical consequences.…”

Section: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (Ghb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences

Karila

Reynaud

2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Designer drugs belong to a group of legally or illegally produced substances that are structurally and pharmacologically very similar to illicit drugs. In the past, designer drugs were often used during all-night dance parties, but they are now consumed in multiple settings from college bars to parks to private house parties. Most of these club drugs can be bought on legal websites and home-delivered for private parties. Recently, legal highs have once again become a burning media issue across the world. Our review will focus on GHB and synthetic cathinones. Literature searches were conducted for the period from 1975 to July 2010 using PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Internet underground and governmental websites using the following keywords alone or in combination: designer drugs, club drugs, party drugs, GHB, synthetic cathinones, mephedrone, methylone, flephedrone, MDAI, and MDVP. Available epidemiological, neurobiological, and clinical data for each compound are described. There is evidence that negative health and social consequences may occur in recreational and chronic users. The addictive potential of designer drugs is not weak. Non-fatal overdoses and deaths related to GHB/GBL or synthetic cathinones have been reported. Clinicians must be careful with GBL or synthetic cathinones, which are being sold and used as substitutes for GHB and MDMA, respectively. Interventions for drug prevention and harm reduction in response to the use of these drugs should be implemented on the Internet and in recreational settings. Prevention, Information, Action, and Treatment are the main goals that must be addressed for this new potentially addictive problem.

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Section: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (Ghb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (Ghb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences

Karila

Reynaud

2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…The Web-based survey mentioned above found the following four components: general intoxication (restlessness), negative intoxication (dizzy), negative sexual effects (hard to achieve orgasm), and negative physiological effects (irregular heart beat). Cases of impaired driving have been documented in relation to GHB use (16). Although widely recognized as a “date-rape” drug (13), the widespread use of GHB (or analogs) in commission of sexual assaults has recently been questioned (17).…”

Section: Popular Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Web-Based Measures Development for GHB: Expectancies, Functions, and Withdrawal

Stein

Lebeau

Clair

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background Much of what is understood regarding gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) treatment is based on hospital case studies for overdose and withdrawal, and there are currently no measures developed specifically for GHB or its analogs (e.g., gamma butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol) to assess drug effect expectancies, reasons for starting use, withdrawal effects, and knowledge and opinions about use. Objectives This pilot study (N = 61) was conducted to begin measures development to assess experiences, functions of use, and opinions regarding use as indicated by respondents taking a Web-based survey. Methods Minimum average partial correlation and parallel analysis procedures are employed to create scales. Results Scales were developed to assess expectancies, reasons for use, withdrawal, and knowledge/opinions of use with median α = .79 and that account for 8.69–24.17% of the variance. Conclusion Scales have relatively good psychometric properties and replication is needed. Scientific Significance GHB-specific measures may greatly assist in furthering our understanding of protective and risk factors for use, and withdrawal phenomena.

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“…Many also regard it as a natural part of a subculture in which several different drugs are used [8]. However, a danger of using GHB is related to difficulties dosing it correctly, which leads to a high risk for overdose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms and signs in interpreting Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) intoxication - an explorative study

Stomberg

Knudsen

Stomberg³

et al. 2014

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med

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BackgroundAcute poisoning with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been a serious medical and social problem in different parts of the world including Sweden. GHB is a drug of abuse which acts primarily as central nervous system (CNS) depressants. GHB has serious toxicity, although many young users do not recognise GHB as a dangerous drug. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how symptoms with risk of failure in vital functions would be valued among professionals that encounter GHB intoxication in the emergency phase.MethodsA web-based survey focusing on the assessment of vital clinical signs for possible GHB intoxication using a numeric scale was carried out during April and May 2011. The participants, n 105, are all professionals who encounter GHB intoxicated in the emergency phase, but have different levels of training in GHB intoxication, mainly Registered Nurses (RNs) in southwest Sweden, employed in pre-hospital or emergency departments at somatic and most psychiatric health care facilities, as well as police officers who in their work come into contact with drug users. Responses in the survey were scored according to risk of GHB intoxication with serious failure of vital functions. The score value was then referred to a so-called evidence based priority (EBP) scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test.ResultsCardiac arrest, coma, hypoxia, general convulsions, slow respiratory and heart rate and pale skin are symptoms with the highest risk of serious failure in vital physical functions and were predominantly recognised as such.ConclusionDespite the professionals' different levels of training in GHB intoxication, all of them were relatively well aware of and in accordance regarding the most risky symptoms. The interpretation score for the less risky symptoms and signs of GHB intoxication varied depending on their degree of training. The results should be viewed cautiously, as the size of the professional groups and their general knowledge of critical symptoms of GHB poisoning varied.

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Hazardous Use of Gamma Hydroxybutyrate: Driving Under the Influence

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences

GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences

Preliminary Web-Based Measures Development for GHB: Expectancies, Functions, and Withdrawal

Symptoms and signs in interpreting Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) intoxication - an explorative study

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