Hazarders of Smoking and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection on Gastric Mucosa among Egyptian Patients with Dyspepsia

Abstract

Background: Smoking is hazardous to almost any organ in the body and has a harmful effect on the gastric mucosa. Objective: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of smoking and H. pylori infection on gastric mucosal among dyspeptic Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 consecutive patients with dyspepsia who underwent upper endoscopy and histopathological examination of gastric biopsies at Zagazig and Tanta University Hospital with H. pylori-positivity assessment by stool antigen and rapid urease test. Results: There were 60 smoker patients and 180 non-smoker patients. Erosive gastritis was more prevalent in smoker patients than non-smoker patients (46.7% versus 15.6%, p = 0.00). In H. pylori-positive patients (36.7% of all patients), smokers were more prevalent than non-smokers in the development of intestinal metaplasia (20% versus 0%, p = 0.003), erosive gastritis (80% versus 30%, p = 0.00), glandular atrophy (20% versus 0%, p = 0.003) and reactive gastropathy (20% versus 0%, p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study revealed that smoking may increase the prevalence of having gastric intestinal metaplasia, erosive gastritis, glandular atrophy and reactive gastropathy in H. pylori-positive Egyptian patients.

[Retracted] Clinical Observation of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk Factors and Cytotoxin‐Associated Protein A in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

“…An association between Helicobacter pylori and its cytotoxins-associated with protein A and tumor cell formation has been identified. Count the relationship between Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment and the incidence of gastric cancer and nontumor digestive tract diseases, give the above schemes, monitor the level of Helicobacter pylori , and calculate the negative rate after treatment, that is, the total effective rate [ 24 , 25 ].…”