Hazard perception of stroke drivers in a video-based Japanese hazard perception task

The Pilot Study of the Hazard Perception Test for Evaluation of the Driver’s Skill Using Virtual Reality

“…In addition, the subjects' response about PH and HP types indicates that the method, which was developed based on situation awareness theory, is appropriate for this developmental study. Furthermore, our results appear to be consistent with previous study findings which indicated the following: the experienced drivers identified the hazardous events more than the novice drivers [6,8,35]; the novice drivers were able to identify visible hazards without having sufficient perception of potential hazards, whereas the experienced drivers paid attention to more potential hazards [13,34,35]; the novice drivers identified traffic hazards with low risk, whereas the experienced drivers understood the serious risks [34,40]. As the experienced drivers appeared to pay more attention to predictable hazards such as Level 3 of situation awareness theory, our results also appear to follow situation awareness theory.…”

“…Previous hazard perception tests used one-screen or three-screen monitors, limiting users' visual field [6,8,9,[11][12][13][33][34][35][36]. In terms of situation awareness theory [15,16], the hazard perception test needs to be conducted in the actual driving situation due to its requirement of reproducing the visual field of actual driving.…”

“…A systematic review showed that there were considerable differences in the scenario type [10]. Although many studies did not strictly classify the hazard type, there was agreement that potential and hidden hazardous events are more important than visible and obvious hazards, and these hazards were characterized between novice and experienced drivers [4,6,8,9,13,19,33]. The classification of hazard type as a framework is useful for hazard perception test development [10].…”

“…A previous study that included subjects with hemianopia showed that a significant number of subjects could not identify hazards on their blind side [12]. Sasaki et al [13] conducted a hazard perception test using tablets, showing that subjects who had a stroke provided significantly lower scores and reaction times than healthy individuals. A previous study concluded that the hazard perception test helps evaluate for higher brain function (e.g., attention function, visuospatial agnosia, and hemianopia), especially the ability to identify the hazard in the spread view field.…”

“…This sense is useful for conducting a hazard perception test because it allows the subject to feel like they are driving on the road. However, there are still some limitations in that subjects only have a limited visual field through the limited range of the monitor view because the hazard perception tests in previous studies were conducted over a personal computer or tablet [6,8,9,12,13]. In order to drive any vehicle safely, it is vital to ensure extensive visual confirmation with rotation of the neck and trunk to check the lateral and posterior sides of the vehicle.…”