Hazard assessment of the thermal stability of nitrification by-products by using an advanced kinetic model

Liu, Ye-Cheng; Jiang, Juncheng; Huang, An‐Chi; Tang, Yan; Yang, Yaping; Zhou, Hai-Lin; Zhai, Juan; Zhang, Xing; Huang, Chung-Fu; Shu, Chi‐Min

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.004

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Industrial safety is of great concern. In the preparation and application of many important chemical products, their decomposition temperatures, activation energies, and exothermic quantities are important thermodynamic parameters [ 34 – 39 ]. BHTOOH can be generated in the industry along with the production and application of BHT, and these data provide a reference for the safety of the BHT-related industries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition characteristics of BHT and its peroxide (BHTOOH)

Dai,

Liang,

Cheng

et al. 2024

BMC Chemistry

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Abstract2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) is an excellent antioxidant that is easily oxidized to 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroperoxyl-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHTOOH). For the safety of BHT production and usage, it is meaningful to study the thermal stability and decomposition properties of BHT and BHTOOH. In this paper, the thermal decomposition properties of BHT and BHTOOH were compared by the mini closed pressure vessel test (MCPVT) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Their kinetics of thermal decomposition were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal decomposition products of BHT and BHTOOH were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results show that there was no significant change in temperature pressure when BHT was warmed up under a nitrogen atmosphere, indicating that BHT was stable within 400 K. The thermal decomposition reaction of BHTOOH was rapid with an initial reaction temperature of 375.2 K. The initial exothermic temperature (Ti) and heat release (QDSC) of DSC were 384.9 K and 865.0 J g−1, respectively. The apparent activation energies (Ea) for the thermal decomposition reactions of BHT and BHTOOH calculated by the Kissinger method were 151.8 kJ mol−1 and 66.07 kJ mol−1, respectively. The main decomposition products of BHT were isobutene and 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The thermal decomposition products of BHTOOH included BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4,4′-(1,2-ethanediyl) bis [2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, etc. Based on the thermal decomposition behavior and products, the reaction pathway has been described. These results indicate that BHT is a potential thermal hazard during production, storage and application. For the safety of the chemical industry, the oxidation of BHT should be avoided.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition characteristics of BHT and its peroxide (BHTOOH)

Dai,

Liang,

Cheng

et al. 2024

BMC Chemistry

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“…Different β were connected to a straight line. The values of A and E a can be determined by the intercept and slope of the line, respectively [27].…”

Section: Kissinger Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Evaluation of T152 Emulsifier on the Modification Influence of Fireworks Propellant

Yang

Tang

et al. 2022

Processes

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High-energy substances like effect propellant and propellant are used in fireworks. In the process of manufacture, transportation, and use, heat can easily get out of control. The emulsifier polyisobutene succinimide (T152) is frequently used to emulsify explosives. Given the thermal safety of the propellant in fireworks, this paper used the emulsifier T152 to emulsify the propellant. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze and test the propellant. In addition, several methods of thermokinetic calculation were used to calculate thermal stability. The thermal stability of the propellant before and after adding T152 was compared and analyzed. The test results indicate that the apparent activation energy of the propellant increases with the addition of T152. The emulsifier improved the thermal stability of the propellant. The research results can provide relevant data and suggestions for the thermal reaction of pyrotechnic propellants, thereby reducing the potential risks of the fireworks industry.

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“…Through the following thermokinetic calculation methods, the kinetic parameters were obtained in the measurement experiment to determine the value of E a . This reliable calculation method is widely used in the thermal analysis experiments of various reactions or materials [23][24][25].…”

Section: Thermokinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology

Yao

Liu

et al. 2022

Processes

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Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate (PSS) is widely produced and used in medicine as a marine drug for treating hyperlipidemia. During the sulfonation synthesis of PSS, the sulfonation of chlorosulfonic acid is exothermic. At high temperatures, the process can easily produce a large amount of ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate adheres to PSS in crystal and participates in the sulfonation reaction. In this study, the sulfonation process of commercial PSS was reproduced in the laboratory using chlorosulfonic acid and formamide. We used differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyzer to examine the thermal stability of PSS, and we used both differential and integral conversional methods to determine the appropriate thermokinetic models for this substance. We also established an autocatalytic model to study the conversion limit time and the maximum rate time of this substance. After calculation, the activation energy of this substance is no more than 60 kJ/mol, and it has other exothermic performances at different heating rates. The results help to optimize the sulfonation process of PSS and analyze the thermal risk of PSS with ammonium sulfate.

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Hazard assessment of the thermal stability of nitrification by-products by using an advanced kinetic model

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Thermal decomposition characteristics of BHT and its peroxide (BHTOOH)

Thermal decomposition characteristics of BHT and its peroxide (BHTOOH)

Thermal Stability Evaluation of T152 Emulsifier on the Modification Influence of Fireworks Propellant

Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology

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