Hazard and Risk Assessment of Chemical Carcinogenicity within a Regulatory Context

Time-Dependent Toxicity of Neonicotinoids and Other Toxicants:Implications for a New Approach to Risk Assessment

“…Upon single dose treatment in early life (1, 10 or 30 days a er birth), the overwhelming majority of animals died from malignancies of the nervous system [23]. e quantitative relationship ( Figure 1) between (post-conception) age at treatment (a), dose (d), and the median induction period of neurogenic malignancies (t50) can be described as follows [24]: a / t50 = K d r (16) (17) where n = 1 / r = 2.35.…”

“…Accordingly, there was a linear relationship when the logarithms of the variables C and t were used ln t50 = a' -b ln C (24) where a' is the intercept and b is the slope of the regression. Equation (24) can be transformed to C b t50 = constant (25) or C t50 1/b = constant (26) Equation (26) is very similar to the Druckrey-Küpfmüller equation (15) for the action of chemical carcinogens such as DENA or 4-DAST.…”

Knockdown of Fruit Flies by Imidacloprid Nanoaerosol

“…Exposure of fruit flies to IMI nanoaerosol diluted with filtered air resulted in an extension of knockdown time that is inversely proportional to the concentration of IMI NAPs with sizes of 7–300 nm, as seen in Figure A. Thus, the time of response to a poison as a function of concentration is described by known Haber’s rule: C × T 50 = constant.…”