Hazard Analysis of Traditional Post-Harvest Operation Methods and the Loss Reduction Effect Based on Five Time (5T) Management: The Case of Rice in Jilin Province, China

Abstract

Traditional post-harvest operation methods applied in rice fields lack advanced management knowledge and technology, which has led to post-harvest losses. We proposed the concept of Five Time (5T) management for the first time. 5T management divides the whole life cycle of rice into different growth time interval to complete process management. This paper mainly introduces the management of rice grain period, that is, the post-harvest management period, including the operation process management of harvesting, field stacking, drying, warehousing, and storing. In 2019, our research team formulated the 5T management method, which considers the entire post-harvest process, and carried out a pilot application of this method at the Jilin Rice Industry Alliance of Jilin Province. Moreover, to promote the 5T management method, our research team carried out follow-up experiments in rice production enterprises and found severe post-harvest rice losses. This paper combined a large number of literature and the basic theory research of rice post-harvest to analyze the traditional methods for post-harvest processing and the associated rice losses. By implementing the 5T management method, 4.33% of losses incurred during the T1 harvesting period could be recovered. In the T2 field period, drying rice within 48 h after harvesting could reduce losses by 2.5%. In the T3 drying period, the loss rate could be reduced by 1.6% if traditional drying methods were replaced by mechanical drying and by 0.6% if cyclic drying was implemented to prevent over-drying. In the T5 storage period, the loss rate of 7% could be reduced by adopting advanced grain storage technologies such as low-temperature storage. Overall, the rice loss rate could be reduced by 15.43%, which is equivalent to a yield of 32.68 million tonnes of rice. The important factors in each period are strictly controlled in the 5T management method to prevent the post-harvest losses caused by flawed concepts and improper management and to increase the amount of usable fertile land.

Expounding the Effect of Harvest Management on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Latent Loss Based on the Accurate Measurement of Grain Data

“…Although different scholars have extensively discussed and studied the post-harvest losses of grain, they mainly focus on its characteristics and evaluation methods [22][23][24][25], and pay less attention to the post-harvest latent losses and the possibility of participating in timely rice harvest determination. In 2019, we conducted a 5 T management experiment on the harvesting and storage of three high-quality rice varieties [26]. Our experimental results showed that the dry matter of the rice grains reached its peak on a certain day of the rice maturity period and began to decrease over time, which we call latent loss.…”

Analysis of volatile compounds by GCMS reveals their rice cultivars

“…Rice provides up to 50% of the dietarycaloric supply and a substantial part of the protein intake for about 520 million people living in poverty in Asia 2 . The market value of rice is primarily determined by the grain quality, which in turn depends on the genetic background, agronomic management, geographic factors and postharvest factors 3 , 4 . Although the grain quality and thus the price for rice of different geographic origins could differ vastly, their appearance may be very alike.…”

Enhancing Efficiency of Solar Heater Box with Linear Actuator for Maximizing Solarization

“…In developing countries, grain loss is significant because of inadequate post-harvest management knowledge and technology, improper storage facilities, and other factors. Around 20-30% losses of grains are recorded from most of the African countries [2]; and further 10 to 30% to other parts of the world [3]. Before storage of seeds, drying is a widely explored method for longer shelf life of agricultural products [4].…”