Hawthorn

Chang, Qi; Zuo, Zhong; Harrison, Francisco; Chow, Moses S. S.

doi:10.1177/00970002042006003

Cited by 211 publications

(175 citation statements)

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“…Extracts may be prepared using hydroalcoholic (methanol or ethanol) or water-based extraction and are derived from various plant parts including, most commonly, berries or leaves and flowers [18]. The source material contains a range of pharmacologically active substances, of which the most widespread compounds reported are flavonoids, triterpenic acids, and phenol carboxylic acids [19]. Flavonoids (as shown in Figure 2) such as vitexin, hyperoside, rutin, or vitexin-2′′-O- α -L-rhamnoside, and catechin/epicatechin derived oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) (as shown in Figure 3) are the most important constituent.…”

Section: Chemical Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect ofCrataegusUsage in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach

Wang

Xiong

Feng

2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a widely used Chinese herb for treatment of gastrointestinal ailments and heart problems and consumed as food. In North America, the role of treatment for heart problems dates back to 1800. Currently, evidence is accumulating from various in vivo and in vitro studies that hawthorn extracts exert a wide range of cardiovascular pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity, positive inotropic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, anticardiac remodeling effect, antiplatelet aggregation effect, vasodilating effect, endothelial protective effect, reduction of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, antiarrhythmic effect, lipid-lowering effect and decrease of arterial blood pressure effect. On the other hand, reviews of placebo-controlled trials have reported both subjective and objective improvement in patients with mild forms of heart failure (NYHA I–III), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. This paper discussed the underlying pharmacology mechanisms in potential cardioprotective effects and elucidated the clinical applications of Crataegus and its various extracts.

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Section: Chemical Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect ofCrataegusUsage in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach

Wang

Xiong

Feng

2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Flowers, leaves and fruits from C. monogyna are known for medicinal use, especially against cardiovascular disease, and have also been used in folk medicine as a cure for stress, nervousness, sleep disorders, stomach ache and sore throat [12]. Both the fruits and flowers of hawthorns are well known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild blackthorn (Prunus spinosaL.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogynaJacq.) fruits as valuable sources of antioxidants

Ruiz‐Rodríguez¹,

Ancos

Sánchez‐Moreno

et al. 2014

Fruits

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Wild blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) fruits as valuable sources of antioxidants.Abstract -Introduction. Many underutilized wild fruits have great nutritional and functional potential, providing chemical compounds with biological properties. Materials and methods. In the present work we quantified bioactive compounds such as vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids), and total phenolic compounds composed mainly of phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins, as well as evaluating the antioxidant capacity through different in vitro tests (Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS ·+ , DPPH · and FRAP) in wild blackthorn (P. spinosa L.) and hawthorn (C. monogyna Jacq.) fruits of Spanish origin, including samples from different seasons and locations. Results and discussion. As expected, wide variability was found in the composition of fruits of the same species, which justifies the necessity of analyzing several batches of wild fruits, in order to have representative results taking into account the natural variability. Fruits of P. spinosa showed vitamin C content ranging between (5.14 and 15.35) mg·100 g -1 fw (mainly dehydroascorbic acid); total phenolic compounds ranged from (1851 to 3825) mg·100 g -1 fw, characterized by a high content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Fruits of C. monogyna presented (16 to 39) mg vitamin C·100 g -1 fw and (449 to 1438) mg total phenolic compounds·100 g -1 fw, characterized by a high content of phenolic acids and flavonols. Antioxidant capacity was higher for P. spinosa fruits than for C. monogyna fruits; DPPH · values showed a strong correlation with vitamin C, while phenolic compounds were a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of these fruit extracts. Fruits of P. spinosa and C. monogyna should be reconsidered as new valuable sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants. Résumé -Introduction. Beaucoup de fruits d'espèces sauvages sous-utilisées ont un grand potentiel nutritionnel et fonctionnel car ils offrent des composés chimiques présentant des propriétés biologiques. Matériel et méthodes. Dans notre travail, nous avons quantifié les composés bioactifs tels que la vitamine C (acide ascorbique et acide déhydroascorbique), les composés totaux phénoliques constitués principalement par des acides phénoliques, des flavonols et des anthocyanines, et nous avons évalué la capacité antioxydante à l'aide de différents tests in vitro (FolinCiocalteu, ABTS ·+ , DPPH · , et FRAP) dans des fruits du prunellier sauvage (P. spinosa L.) et de l'aubépine (C. monogyna Jacq.) d'origine espagnole, à partir d'échantillons de différentes saisons et lieux. Résultats et discussion. Comme prévu, la composition des fruits d'une même espèce a présenté une grande variabilité ce qui a justifié d'analyser plusieurs lots de fruits sauvages, afin de disposer de résultats représentatifs tenant compte de la variabilité naturelle. Les fruits de P. spinosa ont montré une teneur en vitamine C comprise entre (5.14 et 15.35) mg·100 g -1 mf (principalement constituée d'acide déhy...

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“…1,2) These extracts exert several pharmacological and clinical effects, such as antiischemia/reperfusion-injury, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and hypotensive effects. 1,2) Flavonoids and procyanidins are considered to be the two main active constituents. 2) Species of Chinese hawthorn, particularly Crataegus pinnatifida and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2) Flavonoids and procyanidins are considered to be the two main active constituents. 2) Species of Chinese hawthorn, particularly Crataegus pinnatifida and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…major NE Br., have also been used as herbal medicines. 2,3) Studies indicate that Chinese hawthorn extracts have beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, 4,5) anti-inflammatory, 6) and hypolipidemic effects, 7) as well as protective effects on the brain and vascular endothelium 8,9) and endothelium-dependent relaxation. 10) Recently, we analyzed 37 major cultivars of Chinese hawthorn using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and found that procyanidins, which were present in high concentrations, were the main phenolic active constituents in these fruits.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polyphenolic Content and Physiological Activities of Chinese Hawthorn Extracts

Cui

Nakamura

Tian

et al. 2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Hawthorn polyphenol (HP) was prepared by ethyl acetate treatment of the ethanol extract (HE) of Chinese hawthorn fruit. The concentrations of 15 polyphenols in the HP, HE, extraction residue (HJ), and a hawthorn leaf extract (HF) were determined by HPLC. For HP, the total content of the 15 polyphenols was 21.4%, comprised of 19.7% of procyanidins, 1.21% of chlorogenic acid, and 0.48% of flavonoids, compared to 2.55% for the HE. The yields of procyanidin monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer were 50.5%, 30.3%, 23.0%, 14.6%, and 12.5% respectively, and the mean degree of polymerization was reduced to 1.39 (HP) from 1.65 (HE). Seven different physiological actions of the four extracts were investigated. The HP showed strong O 2 À and OH scavenging capacities (IC 50 values of 6.3 g/ml and 1.1 g/ml respectively), as well as selective prolyl endopeptidase inhibition (IC 50 of 60 g/ml). The active constituents appeared to be procyanidins.Key words: Crataegus pinnatifida; HPLC; procyanidin; antioxidant; free radicalsIn Europe, standardized extracts of the leaves and flowers of Crataegus oxyacantha and Crataegus monogyna are used in the therapy for moderate (NYHA II) congestive heart failure. 1,2) These extracts exert several pharmacological and clinical effects, such as antiischemia/reperfusion-injury, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and hypotensive effects. 1,2) Flavonoids and procyanidins are considered to be the two main active constituents. 2) Species of Chinese hawthorn, particularly Crataegus pinnatifida and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major NE Br., have also been used as herbal medicines. 2,3) Studies indicate that Chinese hawthorn extracts have beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, 4,5) anti-inflammatory, 6) and hypolipidemic effects, 7) as well as protective effects on the brain and vascular endothelium 8,9) and endothelium-dependent relaxation. 10) Recently, we analyzed 37 major cultivars of Chinese hawthorn using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and found that procyanidins, which were present in high concentrations, were the main phenolic active constituents in these fruits. 11) In general, the hawthorn found in China is an edible fruit that is popular for its special acidic taste. It is bigger than its European counterpart. Since the content of organic acid in Chinese hawthorn fruits can be up to 5% (fresh weight), they are used to produce various foods, such as jams, jellies, juices, tinned foods, wines, and various sweet foods. However, the high sugar content of these fruits counteracts the benefits of polyphenols for consumers of advanced age or for those who suffer from hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. Hence, it is desirable to separate the polyphenol and sugar components. Previously, hawthorn extract (HE) for medical applications were ethanol-extracted from the dried fruit of the Chinese hawthorn. 12) These crude extracts contain many undesirable substances, such as carbohydrates, organic acids, and moisture, which not only reduce the concentration of acti...

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Hawthorn

Cited by 211 publications

References 20 publications

Effect ofCrataegusUsage in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach

Effect ofCrataegusUsage in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach

Wild blackthorn (Prunus spinosaL.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogynaJacq.) fruits as valuable sources of antioxidants

Polyphenolic Content and Physiological Activities of Chinese Hawthorn Extracts

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