Hawaiian Sandalwood: Oil Composition of <i>Santalum paniculatum</i> and Comparison with Other Sandal Species

Braun, Norbert A.; Sim, Sherina; Kohlenberg, Birgit; Lawrence, Brian M.

doi:10.1177/1934578x1400900936

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On websites in German, the average price per milliliter of oil was PLN 45. 35. A similar dependence is also notable for products that cost less than PLN 21/mL, even though the botanical name Santalum album is declared by the producers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…is tree is the only Hawaiian sandalwood species currently commercially bred but in very limited quantities. Hawaiian sandalwood oil is rare and only sporadically available; it is characterized by a low content of Z β-santalol and high contents of α-santalum, E-β-santalol, and spirosantalol [35]. Santalum austrocaledonicum is less important in modern aromatherapy due to the small-scale production of the essential oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Assessment of Quality of Products Called Sandalwood Oil Based on the Information Provided by Manufacturer of the Oil on Polish, German, and English Websites

Hartman-Petrycka

Lebiedowska

2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Sandalwood oil is one of the most valuable raw materials worldwide. As a highly valued product, it has its own regulations based on the ISO 3518 standard, which clearly informs producers, distributors, and consumers of the requirements to be met. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of products called sandalwood oil based on the information provided by the manufacturer of the oils on Polish, German, and English websites. Methods. A Google search was utilized to collect data on sandalwood oil offered by producers and distributors in Polish and foreign markets. Information from 50 websites in each of the aforementioned languages, including the description of sandalwood oil properties on websites, method for using it, safety limitations, and presence of a product description consistent with the INCI recommendations, was gathered using Microsoft Excel software and was analyzed. The information that enabled us to estimate the quality of the oils was the botanical name of the oil-bearing plant and the price. Good-quality oils were considered to be oils with the botanical name Santalum album in the description and with a price not considerably less than the price of white sandalwood oils sold by reliable distributors who control the quality of the oils by chromatography. Ultimately, the lower price limit for one milliliter of the oil was established as PLN 21. Results and Conclusions. Good-quality sandalwood oils derived from the Santalum album plant at a price equal to or greater than the chromatographically tested items amounted to a negligible percentage of products sold online. Without knowing the botanical name of the essential oil plant and the price range of unadulterated sandalwood oil, the likelihood of buying a reliable product is low on all of the analyzed websites, with the lowest probability being observed on the Polish websites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assessment of Quality of Products Called Sandalwood Oil Based on the Information Provided by Manufacturer of the Oil on Polish, German, and English Websites

Hartman-Petrycka

Lebiedowska

2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…paniculatum [123]. The chemical profile of this specimen is consistent with the Hawaiian species [124], but it is also consistent with the Australian species S. lanceolatum [125]. It is therefore unclear whether the mistake was in the provenance or the species identification.…”

Section: Callitris (Cupressaceae)mentioning

confidence: 81%

Purely Australian Essential Oils Past and Present: Chemical Diversity, Authenticity, Bioactivity, and Commercial Value

Sadgrove

2022

Diversity

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In this comprehensive commentary, Australian essential oils and their components are listed and discussed in the context of their value to industry and aesthetics. The historic and cultural significance of endemic essential oils is explained. Several promising candidates are identified that have commercial potential and will enter the marketplace in the not-too-distant future. This text elaborates on the current progress in research, and explains the up-to-date view of ‘bioactive,’ with reference to insect repellence, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and potential toxicity. The concept of chemotypes and chemophenetics is explained in detail to justify why chemically variable species in Australia require standardisation practices to ensure reproducibility of their derived natural products: standardisation practice includes cultivar development and authentication protocols. Thereafter, some of the more significant essential oils are defined and some background information provided. This review concludes with a comprehensive table of aromatic species that were studied by Joseph Brophy over the last 30 years, thereby providing the most comprehensive overview available, on the chemistry of Australian essential oil yielding species.

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“…Sandalwood oil consists mainly of tricyclic α-santalol and β-santalol [ 56 ]. A study conducted in 2020 by Younis et al showed that sandalwood essential oil improved neurological deficits decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery (MCAO) [ 57 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Benefits Of Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Essential Oils on the Central Nervous System

Soares

Bhattacharya²,

Chakrabarti

et al. 2021

Plants

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Essential oils (EOs) have been traditionally used as ancient remedies to treat many health disorders due to their enormous biological activities. As mainstream allopathic medication currently used for CNS disorders is associated with adverse effects, the search to obtain safer alternatives as compared to the currently marketed therapies is of tremendous significance. Research conducted suggests that concurrent utilization of allopathic medicines and EOs is synergistically beneficial. Due to their inability to show untoward effects, various scientists have tried to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms by which these oils exert beneficial effects on the CNS. In this regard, our review aims to improve the understanding of EOs’ biological activity on the CNS and to highlight the significance of the utilization of EOs in neuronal disorders, thereby improving patient acceptability of EOs as therapeutic agents. Through data compilation from library searches and electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., recent preclinical and clinical data, routes of administration, and the required or maximal dosage for the observation of beneficial effects are addressed. We have also highlighted the challenges that require attention for further improving patient compliance, research gaps, and the development of EO-based nanomedicine for targeted therapy and pharmacotherapy.

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Hawaiian Sandalwood: Oil Composition of Santalum paniculatum and Comparison with Other Sandal Species

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

The Assessment of Quality of Products Called Sandalwood Oil Based on the Information Provided by Manufacturer of the Oil on Polish, German, and English Websites

The Assessment of Quality of Products Called Sandalwood Oil Based on the Information Provided by Manufacturer of the Oil on Polish, German, and English Websites

Purely Australian Essential Oils Past and Present: Chemical Diversity, Authenticity, Bioactivity, and Commercial Value

Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Essential Oils on the Central Nervous System

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