Having a body versus moving your body: How agency structures body-ownership

Tsakiris, Manos; Prabhu, Gita; Haggard, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.09.004

Cited by 544 publications

(547 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We provided the first direct empirical evidence confirming the intuition that body ownership and agency reflect dissociable components of embodiment (cf. Gallagher, 2000;Synofzik et al, in press;Tsakiris et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The items covered a wide range of themes, and were designed to reflect many types of possible experiences participants might have, including hypothesized constructs such as the senses of ownership and agency over the body (cf. Gallagher, 2000;Tsakiris et al, 2006).…”

Section: Psychometrics Of Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of ownership following synchronous stimulation does not necessarily cause a corresponding positive sense of agency, suggesting that these are dissociable aspects of experience (cf. Sato & Yasuda, 2005;Synofzik, Vosgerau, & Newen, in press;Tsakiris et al, 2006).…”

Section: Presence and Absence Of Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same visual and tactile stimulation delivered asynchronously has a quite different phenomenology. The rubber hand illusion provides one of the few means of manipulating embodiment, and has been so used in a number of recent studies (Armel & Ramachandran, 2003;Austen, Soto-Faraco, Enns, & Kingstone, 2004;Costantini & Haggard, 2007;Durgin et al, 2007;Ehrsson, Spence, & Passingham, 2004;Ehrsson, Holmes, & Passingham, 2005;Ehrsson et al, 2007;Farnè et al, 2000;Holmes, Snijders, & Spence, 2006;Kanayama, Sato, & Ohira, 2007;Pavani, Spence, & Driver, 2000;Press, Heyes, Haggard, & Eimer, in press;Rorden, Heutink, Greenfield, & Robertson, 1999;Schaefer, Flor, Heinze, & Rotte, 2006;Tsakiris, Prabhu, & Haggard, 2006;Tsakiris, Hesse, Boy, Haggard, & Fink, 2007a;Walton & Spence, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

et al. 2008

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What is it like to have a body? The present study takes a psychometric approach to this question. We collected structured introspective reports of the rubber hand illusion, to systematically investigate the structure of bodily self-consciousness. Participants observed a rubber hand that was stroked either synchronously or asynchronously with their own hand and then made proprioceptive judgments of the location of their own hand and used Likert scales to rate their agreement or disagreement with 27 statements relating to their subjective experience of the illusion. Principal components analysis of this data revealed four major components of the experience across conditions, which we interpret as: embodiment of rubber hand, loss of own hand, movement, and affect. In the asynchronous condition, an additional fifth component, deafference, was found. Secondary analysis of the embodiment of rubber hand component revealed three subcomponents in both conditions: ownership, location, and agency. The ownership and location components were independent significant predictors of proprioceptive biases induced by the illusion. These results suggest that psychometric tools may provide a rich method for studying the structure of conscious experience, and point the way towards an empirically rigorous phenomenology. Psychometrics of Embodiment 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychometrics Of Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Presence and Absence Of Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

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What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

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“…Together with the evidence of higher vPMc activation at the beginning of the RHI/body swap illusion in conditions of synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation, Cardini et al's findings suggest that increased activity at the vPMc might reflect the strength of the integration of multisensory cues from one's own body and another bodily object, which could be either another person's body or a reproduction of a human body. This mechanism might trigger an experience of ownership for the ''other'' body, without vPMc activation actually underpinning the experience of ownership (see below, and see also Tsakiris, 2010;Tsakiris, Prabhu, & Haggard, 2006 for comments).…”

Section: Multisensory Integration In the Vpmc: Triggering Body Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness

Serino

Alsmith

Costantini

et al. 2013

Consciousness and Cognition

210

170

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a b s t r a c tRecent research on bodily self-consciousness has assumed that it consists of three distinct components: the experience of owning a body (body ownership); the experience of being a body with a given location within the environment (self-location); and the experience of taking a first-person, body-centered, perspective on that environment (perspective). Here we review recent neuroimaging studies suggesting that at least two of these components-body ownership and self-location-are implemented in rather distinct neural substrates, located, respectively, in the premotor cortex and in the temporo-parietal junction. We examine these results and consider them in relation to clinical evidence from patients with altered body perception and work on a variety of multisensory, body-related illusions, such as the rubber hand illusion, the full body illusion, the body swap illusion and the enfacement illusion. We conclude by providing a preliminary synthesis of the data on bodily self-consciousness and its neural correlates.

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No reduction in motor‐evoked potential amplitude during the rubber hand illusion

Reader,

Coppi,

Trifonova

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionIn the rubber hand illusion (RHI), touches are applied to a fake hand at the same time as touches are applied to a participant's real hand that is hidden in a congruent position. Synchronous (but not asynchronous) tactile stimulation of the two hands may induce the sensation that the fake hand is the participant's own. As such, the illusion is commonly used to examine the sense of body ownership. Some studies indicate that in addition to the subjective experience of limb ownership reported by participants, the RHI can also reduce corticospinal excitability (e.g., as reflected in motor‐evoked potential [MEP] amplitude) and alter parietal‐motor cortical connectivity in passive participants. These findings have been taken to support a link between motor cortical processing and the subjective experience of body ownership.MethodsIn this study, we tried to replicate the reduction in MEP amplitude associated with the RHI and uncover the components of the illusion that might explain these changes. As such, we used single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the excitability of the corticospinal motor system as participants experienced the RHI.ResultsDespite participants reporting the presence of the illusion and showing shifts in perceived real hand position towards the fake limb supporting its elicitation, we did not observe any associated reduction in MEP amplitude.ConclusionWe conclude that a reduction in MEP amplitude is not a reliable outcome of the RHI and argue that if such effects do occur, they are unlikely to be large or functionally relevant.

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Having a body versus moving your body: How agency structures body-ownership

Cited by 544 publications

References 26 publications

What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness

No reduction in motor‐evoked potential amplitude during the rubber hand illusion

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