Haversian Bone Remodelling in Human Fetus

Burton, Paul D.; Behets, Catherine; Dhem, Antoine

doi:10.1159/000146748

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They reported that 71% of all drifting systems in their sample were in the process of drifting toward the endosteum, 19% were drifting intermediately, and 7% percent were drifting toward the periosteum. Burton et al [1989] reported similar results based on a sample of fetal long bones and ribs. They found that 19% of the drifting systems were drifting toward the periosteum, and 81% were drifting toward the endosteum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…(4) The drifting BMU exhibits a morphology distinct from the cutting-cone-closing-cone model BMU that gives rise to type I, type II, and zonal osteons. In light of the observation that drifting osteons are the most prevalent type of osteon in the bones of children [Lacroix, 1971;Burton et al, 1989], it can be concluded that the process of osteonal remodeling in subadult bone is not accurately portrayed by the cutting-cone-closing-cone model BMU. (5) The stimulus involved in creating and guiding drifting BMUs is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unlikely that the orientation of the strain environment changes so drastically during the sigma period required to deposit an osteon. (3) Lacroix [1971] and Burton et al [1989] observed that drifting and type I BMUs were active simultaneously in the cortices of young individuals. If the drifting systems were forming in response to strain gradients, it is unclear why other systems, subjected to a similar strain environment, would not exhibit transverse drift, unless the type I BMUs were localized to topographic regions experiencing subthreshold strains (e.g., the neutral axis).…”

Section: Mechanical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Beyond brief mention by a few authors [e.g., Lacroix, 1971;Burton et al, 1989] attesting to their preponderance in subadult bone, drifting osteons have received only scant attention in the literature. Consequently, their spatial architecture and orientation, and the factors governing the direction of transverse drift (DTD), remain obscure [Frost, 1986].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the Drifting Osteon

Robling¹,

Stout²

1999

Cells Tissues Organs

109

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Drifting osteons were followed longitudinally through the cortex of human and baboon long bones using serial sections. Direction of transverse drift was recorded at different cross-sectional levels of the same systems, and maximum angular change in drift direction was measured for each system. Most drifting osteons exhibit: (1) substantial (∼90°) variation in the direction of transverse drift along their longitudinal axes, (2) intermittent regions of concentric (type I) morphology, and (3) change in drift direction over time, evident at single cross-sectional levels. Additionally, 3-dimensional reconstruction reveals that the basic multicellular units (BMUs) responsible for creating drifting osteons are morphologically distinct from the cutting-cone–closing-cone model BMUs that produce other types of osteons. The stimulus involved in the activation and guidance of drifting BMUs is unclear, but it is likely that the complex strain environment experienced by long bone cortices exerts a significant influence on their morphology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the Drifting Osteon

Robling¹,

Stout²

1999

Cells Tissues Organs

109

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“…At cross-section, the canine ulna is crescent-shaped. Periosteal bone formation at the caudal aspect of the ulna will cause an increase in girth, while at the cranial side the remodeling process will remove the initial cortical bone layer and reveal the trabecular layer adjacent to periosteum (Enlow, 1963;Gray and Gardner, 1969;Burton et al, 1989). Cortical elongation during longitudinal growth takes place via formation, enlargement, and coalescence of trabeculae, generated by enchondral ossification at the periphery of the growth plate (Cadet et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the subchondral bone layer of the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna

Wolschrijn

Weijs

2005

Anat. Rec.

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The medial coronoid process (MCP) of the ulna takes part in the weightbearing function of the elbow in quadrupedal animals. In this study, the timing of development of a solid subchondral bone layer (SBL) of the MCP in the dog is investigated, as this might be important in the pathogenesis of the fractured medial coronoid process, a common disease in young dogs of larger breeds. The SBL is considered to make an important contribution to the strength of the MCP. In this study, the SBL is visualized at the humeral articular side (H-side) and in the radial notch (RN) via three-dimensional reconstructions of micro-CT scans (34 m voxel size) in nine young golden retrievers. After micro-CT scanning, the area was investigated histologically. Gradually, the appearance of the SBL on the H-side changes from a trabecular aspect to an even surface with gaps and finally to a completely even surface. The surface in the RN is still rough at 24 weeks after birth, although some consolidation has occurred. Initially, the enchondral ossification activity, as observed in the histological sections, is high, but later, when the intertrabecular spaces are filled in with calcified cartilage and bone, activity is less evident. Some vessels penetrated the SBL, but it is unclear if they account for all the gaps in the surface seen in micro-CT. In addition, the formation of a cortical structure of the proximal ulnar shaft could be visualized. The bony cortex is already even at the mediocaudal side of the proximal ulna 4 weeks after birth, but remains trabecular at the dorsal side until 6 weeks later. We hypothesize that the observed differences in the formation of an even SBL or cortex can be explained by mechanical factors. A smooth cortical layer has an even thickness and will be stronger than a cortex with varying thickness. In the MCP, compressive forces exerted by the humerus may be responsible for the early smoothening on the H-side. In the proximal ulna, the resistance to bending in the sagittal plane will depend mainly on the caudal surface of the ulna (and dorsal surface of the radius), surfaces furthest away from the neutral axis. At least the caudal ulna smoothened first, thus providing stiffness against bending at an early age.

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Birth is but our death begun: A bioarchaeological assessment of skeletal emaciation in immature human skeletons in the context of environmental, social, and subsistence transition

Schug

Goldman

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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The second millennium BC was a period of significant social and environmental changes in prehistoric India. After the disintegration of the Indus civilization, in a phase known as the Early Jorwe (1400-1000 BC), hundreds of agrarian villages flourished in the Deccan region of west-central India. Environmental degradation, combined with unsustainable agricultural practices, contributed to the abandonment of many communities around 1000 BC. Inamgaon was one of a handful of villages to persist into the Late Jorwe phase (1000-700 BC), wherein reliance on dry-plough agricultural production declined. Previous research demonstrated a significant decline in body size (stature and body mass index) through time, which is often used to infer increased levels of biocultural stress in bioarchaeology. This article assesses evidence for growth disruption in the immature human skeletal remains from Inamgaon by correlating measures of whole bone morphology with midshaft femur compact bone geometry and histology. Growth derangement is observable in immature archaeological femora as an alteration in the expected amount and distribution of bone mass and porosity in the midshaft cross-section. Cross-section shape matched expectations for older infants with the acquisition of bipedal locomotion. These results support the hypothesis that small body size was related to disruptions in homeostasis and high levels of biocultural stress in the Late Jorwe at Inamgaon. Further, the combined use of geometric properties and histological details provides a method for teasing apart the complex interactions among activity and "health," demonstrating how biocultural stressors affect the acquisition and quality of bone mass.

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Haversian Bone Remodelling in Human Fetus

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Morphology of the Drifting Osteon

Morphology of the Drifting Osteon

Development of the subchondral bone layer of the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna

Birth is but our death begun: A bioarchaeological assessment of skeletal emaciation in immature human skeletons in the context of environmental, social, and subsistence transition

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