Hauling stress in brown trout (Salmo trutta): Physiological responses to transport in fresh water or salt water, and recovery in natural brackish water

Nikinmaa, Mikko; Soivio, Antti; Nakari, Tarja; Lindgren, Seppo

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(83)90294-6

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Staurnes et al (1994), simulating transport at high densities of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), found that cortisol arrived at basal levels in 24 h. Mazur and Iwama (1993) determined a significant cortisol increase in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), 30 min after handling, returning to basal levels in 2 h. Barcellos et al (2001) concluded that in the case of a South American catfish, Rhamdia quelen, 24 h after capture and tank transference was not enough time for fish to recover to pre-stress cortisol levels. Hauling and transport seems to result in a longer recovery, more than 24 h (Nikinmaa et al 1983;Robertson et al 1987;Schreck et al 1989). Iversen et al (1998) found no recovery of resting plasma cortisol levels even after 48 h of loading and transport Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts, although a progressive decrease was seen.…”

Section: Control Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Bolasina

2006

Aquacult Int

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The effects of benzocaine anesthesia on hematological parameters (erythrocyte and platelet number, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit), plasma electrolytes (Na + , K + and Cl -), cortisol, glucose and cholesterol levels in Brazilian codling (Urophycis brasilensis) exposed to a benzocaine bath solution were investigated. Cortisol and glucose levels 1 h after capture from the wild and on days 7 and 14 during the acclimatization period (20 days) were also determined. During the second week, cortisol levels reached to basal values (9 ng ml -1 ). The use of benzocaine causes a significant increase in the erythrocyte number, in the concentration of hemoglobin and sodium and a decrease in chloride. Plasma cortisol and cholesterol levels were higher in fish exposed to the anesthetic, and glucose levels decreased significantly comparing with the control group, showing strong fluctuations between individuals in all the cases. These results show that the use of benzocaine causes an acute stress response that could be reverted quickly and it has to be considered during the evaluation of stress in fish.

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Section: Control Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Bolasina

2006

Aquacult Int

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“…However, in many of the above studies, the changes usually occurred within hours and often reached peak or minimum values, before stabilising and persisting for days or weeks at a very different level (Assem and Hanke 1981;Hegab and Hanke 1982;Woo and Tong 1982;Alexis et al 1984;Wertheimer 1984;Finstad et al 1988). The OP of fish plasma has also been shown to affected by other stresses such as hypoxia (Peterson 1990), transportation (Nikinmaa et al 1983;Robertson et al 1988;Weirich and Tomasso 1991) and water temperature (Toneys and Coble 1980;Alexis et al 1984;Finstad et al 1988). For instance, in Atlantic salmon, plasma osmolality increased from 320 to 440 mOsm kg I as temperature decreased from 3 to 5.6°C to 2 to 1 °C (Lega et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity on the growth and lipid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) cells in culture

Tocher

Castell

Dick

et al. 1994

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The direct effects of osmotic pressure (salinity) on growth performance and lipid composition were investigated in fish cells in culture. Cell lines from a relatively stenohaline marine species, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) (TF) and an anadromous species, Atlantic salmon (AS) were cultured in media supplemented with NaCl to produce osmotic pressures varying from 300 to 500 mOsm kg(-1). The growth rates of the two cell lines were affected in a similar manner by the salinity of the media with the rank order for both peak cell numbers and growth rates up to the day of peak cell number being 300 > 350 > 400 > 450 > 500 mOsm kg(-1). Cell death occurred in both cell lines in older cultures at all salinities with the greatest loss of viable cells in media of 300 and 350 kg(-1). However, there were quantitative and qualitative differences between the cell lines in their lipid metabolism in response to the salinity of the media. The lipid content expressed per cell showed a positive correlation between lipid per cell and salinity in TF cells, but this was less apparent in AS cells. The percentage of total polar lipid classes increased with increasing salinity in TF cells due mainly to graded increases in the percentages of choline phospholipids. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the proportions of polar and neutral lipid classes with salinity in AS cells. The only significant effect of salinity in AS cells was a decreased proportion of dimethylacetals in total lipid at the highest salinity. The same significant effect of salinity on dimethylacetal content of total lipid was observed in TF cells. However, in addition there was a graded decrease in the percentage of 18:2n-9 in TF cell total lipid with increasing salinity. This was accompanied by increased percentages of total n-3 and n-6 PUFA with higher proportions of both groups of PUFA at 450 and 500 compared with 300 mOsm kg(-1). The results show that environmental salinity, in the absence of hormonal or other physiological stimuli, has direct effects on the growth and lipid metabolism of fish cells and that these effects differ in cells from different fish species.

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“…The recovery of resting plasma cortisol levels after an acute stressor of moderate intensity is normally found within 6 h (Barton et al, 1980;Pickering & Pottinger, 1989). However, hauling and transportation seem to result in a longer recovery, more than 24 h in several species (Nikinmaa et al, 1983;Robertson et al, 1987;Schreck et al, 1989). In Atlantic salmon smolts commercially transported for 4.5 h, plasma cortisol concentrations increased from resting values, with a peak 1 h after transportation and no recovery within 48 h (Iversen et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of piau (Leporinus friderici, Bloch 1794) to transportation

Serra¹,

Wolkers²,

Hoshiba

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-This study evaluated stress indicators of juvenile piau (Leporinus friderici) during and after a 4-hour transportation in order to establish an appropriate transportation protocol for this type of fish. Fish were transported in plastic bags (133.1 g/L) and sampled before loading, during 1, 2, 3 and 4 h and after transportation (2, 6, 12 and 24 h). Blood samples were analyzed for cortisol and glucose levels, hematocrit, hemoglobin level, number and mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes. Water pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and ammonia were monitored before, during and after transportation.No mortality was observed through the experiment. Ammonia levels increased throughout transportation, but the low pH values kept NH 3 in safe levels for fish. Cortisol levels increased within 4 h of transportation, and returned to control condition 2 h after arrival. Plasma glucose increased within one hour of transportation, reaching peak value within 4 h and returning to initial condition 2 h after arrival. Erythrocyte number and hemoglobin levels showed the lowest levels 2 h after arrival, and mean corpuscular volume increased during transportation, decreasing at 12 and 24 h after arrival. Transporting piau is stressful, but fish recover the initial condition in short time, showing tolerance to the changes in the water quality parameters.

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Hauling stress in brown trout (Salmo trutta): Physiological responses to transport in fresh water or salt water, and recovery in natural brackish water

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Effects of salinity on the growth and lipid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) cells in culture

Physiological responses of piau (Leporinus friderici, Bloch 1794) to transportation

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