Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: a crucial step determining infection

Mkandawire, Tapoka T.; Grencis, Richard K.; Berriman, Matthew; Duque-Correa, María A.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2021.08.008

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the LEIA and EHT also were chosen because they are considered to be highly reproducible and sensitive assays compared to other biological tests [ 46 , 47 ]. Furthermore, the EHT was chosen to also evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the tested compounds on a parasitic stage other than the larvae, considering that eggs have a better ability to withstand many adverse environmental conditions [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berry Juice against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

Maestrini

Forzato

Mancini

et al. 2022

Biology

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Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major threats in small ruminant breeding. Their control is difficult due to the development of anthelmintic resistance, and the search for new molecules endowed with anthelmintic activity (AH) is considered a priority. In this context, we evaluated the in vitro AH activity of two commercial sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berry juices, namely SBT and SBF. The in vitro evaluation was based on the egg-hatch test and larval exsheathment assay at different concentrations. Data were statistically analysed, and the EC50 was calculated. Chemical analyses were performed to evaluate the total polyphenol content of the juices and chemical profile of the most represented compounds. The role of the polyphenolic fraction in the anthelmintic activity of the juices was also assessed. At the highest concentrations, the activity of SBT was high in both tests and comparable to that observed in the thiabendazole-treated positive controls, while SBF showed a lower efficacy. Glycosylated isorhamnetin and quercetin were the most represented polyphenolic compounds in both juices. In conclusion, both H. rhamnoides berry juices tested in this study showed interesting anthelmintic properties in vitro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berry Juice against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

Maestrini

Forzato

Mancini

et al. 2022

Biology

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show abstract

“…7). Many species, including flatworms (Kearn et al, 1999), nematodes (Mkandawire et al, 2022), insects (Donoughe, 2021), and gastropods (Rawlings, 1999) have opercula or polar plugs that facilitate rupture and provide predefined exit sites. Conversely, bird embryos must create an exit site by tearing internal membranes and cracking their eggshell bit by bit around an arc or circle (Hamburger and Oppenheim, 1967; Oppenheim, 1972; Oppenheim, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding Variation In Latency To Hatchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of risk assessment and escape-hatching performance by red-eyed treefrog embryos in two threat contexts

Güell

Jung

Almanzar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, hatch prematurely in response to hypoxia when flooded and mechanosensory cues (MC) in snake attacks, but hatching later improves tadpole survival. We studied ontogenetic changes in risk assessment and hatching performance of embryos in response to flooding and physical disturbance. We hypothesized that risk assessment decreases as hatchling survival improves and hatching performance increases as embryos develop. Because snakes eat faster than embryos asphyxiate, we hypothesized that embryos decide to hatch sooner and hatch faster in response to MC. We video-recorded individual embryos hatching in response to each cue type, then compared the incidence and timing of a series of events and behaviors from cue onset to complete hatching across ages and stimuli. Latency from cue to hatching decreased developmentally in both contexts and was shorter with MC, but the elements contributing to those changes differed. Hypoxia-assessment involved position changes, which decreased developmentally along with assessment time. MC-assessment was passive, faster, and also decreased with age. The first stages of hatching, membrane rupture and head emergence, were surprisingly age-independent but faster with MC, congruent with greater effort under more immediate risk. In contrast, body emergence and compression showed ontogenetic improvement consistent with morphological constraints but no cue effect. Both appropriate timing and effective performance of hatching are necessary for continued development. Different stages of the process vary with development and environmental context, suggesting combinations of adaptive context- and stage-dependent behavior, cue-related constraints on information acquisition, and ontogenetic constraints on elements of performance.Summary statementDevelopment reduces risk assessment and improves hatching performance by red-eyed treefrog embryos in both flooding and simulated attacks. Predation cues elicit faster decisions and hatching, congruent with more immediate risk.

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“…Various studies have investigated external factors such as ecological, biological, and social conditions. Other important variables include management strategies that promote parasite survival, reproduction, and transmission [ 21 - 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of major nematodes and human factors that affect infection in the zebra dove in a closed cage system

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Roundworms cause infections in the avian population that lead to illness and poor production. The singing zebra dove is an economically important animal in the Indo-Malay region. The prevalence of these parasitic groups in zebra doves is unknown. This study estimated the prevalence and associated human risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode infections in zebra dove farming. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2021. The study was conducted on 184 doves in three zebra dove farms. Fecal samples were collected from pooled zebra dove droppings. Major proportions and infection intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes were morphologically identified and morphometrically investigated. Associated human factors were assessed through the interview surveys among farmers. Results: Results showed that 36.96% of the zebra doves were infected. The primary nematodes were Ascaridia galli (34.78%), Heterakis gallinarum (6.52%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (2.17%), Syngamus spp. (4.35%), and Amidostomum spp. (2.17%). The primary human factors that contribute to parasitic infection were poor hygiene, food contamination with parasites, and inappropriate deworming. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the zebra dove in the close cage system. Human factors played key roles as risk factors, and improves farming management will help reduce parasitic infections. However, these nematodes may contribute to poor health status and poor productivity of zebra doves. Further extensive studies on clinical signs and pathological changes should be conducted.

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Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: a crucial step determining infection

Cited by 43 publications

References 85 publications

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berry Juice against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berry Juice against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

Ontogeny of risk assessment and escape-hatching performance by red-eyed treefrog embryos in two threat contexts

Prevalence of major nematodes and human factors that affect infection in the zebra dove in a closed cage system

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