Hashimoto's thyroiditis in childhood: presentation modes and evolution over time

Luca, Filippo De; Santucci, Simona; Corica, Domenico; Pitrolo, Elda; Romeo, Marika; Aversa, Tommaso

doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-8

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…In the literature, it has been reported that the subjects who have thyroid dysfunction are younger which is compatible with our study (1). Younger age of the subjects with thyroid dysfunction was explained with the view that early onset HT could have a more severe prognosis (12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…When the subjects were classified by thyroid function states in our study, most were found to be in the euthyroid state which was compatible with the literature (1,12,13). In our country, 62.8% of the subjects with a diagnosis of HT were found to be euthyroid in a study conducted by Dündar et al (14) and 36.7% of the subjects with a diagnosis of HT were found to be euthyroid in a study conducted by Özen et al (9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The most common cause of goiter and acquired hypothyroidism is hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in children and adolescents especially in regions where endemic iodine deficiency is not found (1). Although the prevalence of hashimoto thyroiditis varies from region to region, it was reported to be 3% in children aged between 6 and 18 years and the female/male ratio was 2/1 (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac disease in children and adolescents with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

et al. 2016

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings and determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in children with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Material and Methods:The data of a total of 80 patients with positive anti-thyroid antibodies who were aged between 6 and 17.9 years were retrospectively studied. Age, gender, complaints at the time of presentation, family history of thyroid disorders, clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. The levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxin, thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies), immunoglobulin A (IgA), anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG), and thyroid ultrasonography findings were enrolled.Results: Eighty patients (65 females (81.2%) and 15 males (18,8%)) were included in the study. Family history of thyroid disease was present in 38 (47.5%) patients. The most common complaints at the time of presentation were goiter (%30) and weight gain (%25). Forty three (53.8%), 23 (28.7%), and 14 (17.5%) patients presented with euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and obvious hypothyroidism. Thirty seven (46.2%) patients had goiter. IgA-tTG was found to be positive after a diagnosis of HT was made in only one patient (1.25%) and the diagnosis of CD was confirmed when intestinal biopsy of this patient revealed villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and increase in the intraepithelial lymphocyte count. Conclusions:In our study, it was found that the most common complaints at presentation in patients with a diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis included goiter, weakness and weight gain and the prevalence of celiac diseases was found to be 1.25% (1/80). This study shows that the prevalence of CD in patients with a diagnosis of HT is higher compared to the prevalence in the healthy pediatric population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac disease in children and adolescents with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

et al. 2016

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“…Secondary HT is usually the result of drug-induced immune responses. Primary HT is the most common form of thyroiditis; it has a wide pathologic variety and includes six forms: Classic (8), juvenile (9) and immunoglobulin G4-dependent HT (10), the fibrous variant, Hashitoxicosis and painless thyroiditis (10,11), and its etiology has remained elusive. The common feature in all types of HT is lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms −318C/T and +49A/G and Hashimoto's thyroidits in Zahedan, Iran

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland and is known as the most common autoimmune disease. Development of autoimmune destruction of thyroid cells is a multi-step process involving convergence of genetic and environmental factors. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has an important role in homeostasis and negative regulation of immune responses, and is therefore considered to be a key element in the development of autoimmune diseases. The present study evaluated the association of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms 318C/T (rs5742909) and +49A/G (rs231775) with HT in an Iranian population (including 82 patients with HT and 104 healthy controls who were referred for routine premarital blood screenings). Genotyping was performed using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique. No significant differences were observed in genotype and allele frequencies in the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between cases and controls. In the cases as well as in the controls, the TT genotype in the -318C/T polymorphism was absent and the predominant genotype was CC, while the predominant genotype for the +49A/G SNP was AA. As only few studies in this field have assessed Iranian and even Middle Eastern populations, additional studies with a higher number of samples are recommended to further assess the impact of -318C/T (rs5742909) and +49A/G (rs231775) polymorphisms of CTLA-4 on HT.

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“…The most principal locations of pediatric thyroid disease is in iodine-sufficient areas worldwide (1). At the time of diagnosis, thyroid function of children and adolescent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may significantly vary in the different pediatric reports, ranging from euthyroidism to overt hypothyroidism or occasionally, hyperthyroidism (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Epidemiological data showed that thyroid cancer frequently occurs in the context of one of the most common autoimmune thyroid diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary carcinoma in an adolescent girl: A case report

Dong

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Hashimoto's thyroiditis with thyroid cancer in childhood is not as common in the adult population. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease associated with autoantibodies, and the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid remains controversial. The present study reported a 15-year-old adolescent girl with the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with thyroid cancer. With the complexity of the clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, it can be expressed as not only hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, but also normal thyroid function. The long-term treatment, and for children with thyroid cancer, early diagnosis is particularly difficult. In the present case, the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is primarily based on clinical manifestations, anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroid microsomal antibody. The only diagnostic imaging ultrasound was negative. The present study discussed the possible reason and the identification of this unique case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with thyroid cancer. IntroductionHashimoto's thyroiditis is autoimmune thyroid disease in children. The most principal locations of pediatric thyroid disease is in iodine-sufficient areas worldwide (1). At the time of diagnosis, thyroid function of children and adolescent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may significantly vary in the different pediatric reports, ranging from euthyroidism to overt hypothyroidism or occasionally, hyperthyroidism (2-7). Epidemiological data showed that thyroid cancer frequently occurs in the context of one of the most common autoimmune thyroid diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (8). The possible association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. The association between HT and PTC is also supported by the observation that rearrangements of the rearranged during transfection (RET) oncogene is frequently detected in PTC (9). Case reportA 15-year-old adolescent girl was admitted to a local hospital and a left neck mass (~1.0x1.5 cm 2 ) was found one year ago. The mass was not accompanied by pain, itching, chills, fever and cough; however, the girl did experienced weight loss, heat intolerance and sweating. The patient had taken Chinese herbal medicine, however this had no effect. She visited a local hospital for treatment 9 months ago. Physical examination revealed the painless left goiter ~1.5x1.5 cm 2 , without vascular murmur. Laboratory examination results revealed normal thyroid function, anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) of 52.35% (<30%) and anti-thyroid microsomal antibody (TM-Ab) of 37.01% (<20%). The neck ultrasound examination revealed no thyroid lesions. It was diagnosed as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. After 3 months of observation, the neck mass had grown. The neck ultrasound examination revealed that a left lobe of the thyroid exhibited multiple solid hypoechoic nodules and calcification to the left neck lymph nodes. The right thyroid lobe and isthmus were normal. A lymph node biops...

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Hashimoto's thyroiditis in childhood: presentation modes and evolution over time

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Celiac disease in children and adolescents with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Celiac disease in children and adolescents with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms −318C/T and +49A/G and Hashimoto's thyroidits in Zahedan, Iran

Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary carcinoma in an adolescent girl: A case report

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