Has the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype become more common in children between 2004 and 2014? Trends over 10 years from a Swedish general population sample

Rydell, Mina; Lundström, Staffan; Gillberg, Christopher; Lichtenstein, Paul; Larsson, Henrik

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12882

Cited by 71 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…At the age of 10–17 years, only 25% had no identified other impairment than the motor impairment, mild in most cases. Neuropsychiatric impairments were frequent; ASD about ten times more common and ADHD almost four times more common than in the general population . The occurrence of ID and neuropsychiatric impairments had increased with age, which was not the case for other recorded impairments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

One‐third of school‐aged children with cerebral palsy have neuropsychiatric impairments in a population‐based study

2019

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Aim: To describe motor function and associated impairments, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods: Population-based study of all children with CP born 1999-2006 from the county of V€ astra G€ otaland, Sweden; 264 children (141 males, 123 females). Information was obtained from the CP Register of western Sweden (data collected at 4-8 years of age) and all medical records at 10-17 years of age.Results: Cerebral palsy was spastic in 76%, dyskinetic in 17% and ataxic in 7% of all children. Sixty-three per cent were independent walkers. Associated impairments were present in 75%. Vision was impaired in 19%, hearing in 8% and speech in 54%. Intellectual disability (ID) was present in 53% and epilepsy in 41%. ID had increased from 42% to 53% since preschool-age. Neuropsychiatric impairments were present in 32% of the children; ASD in 18%; and ADHD in 21%. All impairments, except for ASD and ADHD, increased with more severe motor impairment.Conclusion: Three in four school-aged children with CP have associated impairments, underscoring the need to broadly assess every child. The high rate of ASD and ADHD points to the importance of in-depth studies of such impairments in CP. 2048

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

One‐third of school‐aged children with cerebral palsy have neuropsychiatric impairments in a population‐based study

2019

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“…In a national public health survey, every third woman and every fifth man in the age group 16–29 years report reduced mental well‐being in 2018 (Folkhälsomyndigheten, ). Additionally, an increased occurrence of ADHD diagnoses has been noticed, may be partly due to the diagnosis being a precondition for supportive measures in Swedish schools (Polyzoi, Ahnemark, Medin, & Ginsberg, ; Rydell, Lundström, Gillberg, Lichtenstein, & Larsson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is at Risk of Dying Young from Suicide and Sudden Violent Death? Common and Specific Risk Factors among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Törnblom

Sorjonen

Runeson

et al. 2020

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective Suicides and other sudden violent deaths are the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. This case–control study compared risk factors for suicide and other sudden violent death among young people. Method A total of 436 psychological autopsy interviews with next of kin were performed. The samples aged 10–25 years included 63 cases of suicide, 62 cases of other sudden violent death, and 104 matched living controls. Two stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The number of recent stressful life events was the only common risk factor for suicide and other sudden violent death. Specific risk factors for suicide were any form of addiction and being an inpatient in adult psychiatric care. Specific risk factors for other sudden violent death were lower elementary school results, lower educational level, and abuse of psychoactive drugs. Conclusions The suicide group seems to have been more vulnerable and exposed to different kinds of stressors, whereas the sudden violent death group seems to have been more acting out and risk‐taking. Both groups must be the subject of prevention and intervention programs.

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“…With steadily increasing prevalence rates of ADHD throughout the developed world,2–6 there is growing debate about whether this trend is due to an actual increase in prevalence, better detection and diagnosis, misdiagnosis, or overdiagnosis 7–10. While the evidence for overdiagnosis in many other conditions (especially in screen-detected cancers) is increasingly recognised,1 11 12 the evidence for overdiagnosis of ADHD, a non-cancer condition where overdiagnosis is widely thought to occur, has not yet been comprehensively evaluated 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, it can arise due to the problem of overdefinition,15 that is, lowering the threshold for a disease, by expanding the disease definition to include people with ambiguous or very mild symptoms without evidence that doing so improves patients’ health overall and in the longer term 16 17. Second, overdiagnosis may also be caused by overdetection4 18 (eg, screening children at young ages for behaviour problems), and third by the medicalisation of some behaviour patterns (eg, those typical of relatively younger school children) 19. Other factors may also have played a part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: protocol for a scoping review

et al. 2019

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IntroductionWorldwide, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis rates in children and adolescents have been increasing consistently over the past decades, fuelling a debate about the underlying reasons for this trend. While many hypothesise that a substantial number of these additional cases are overdiagnosed, to date there has been no comprehensive evaluation of evidence for or against this hypothesis. Thus, with this scoping review we aim to synthesise published evidence on the topic in order to investigate whether existing literature is consistent with the occurrence of overdiagnosis and/or overtreatment of ADHD in children and adolescents.Methods and analysisThe proposed scoping review will be conducted in the context of a framework of five questions, developed specifically to identify areas in medicine with the potential for overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews. We will search Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library electronic databases for primary studies published in English from 1979 onwards. We will also conduct forward and backward citation searches of included articles. Data from studies that meet our predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria will be charted into a standardised extraction template with results mapped to our predetermined five-question framework in the form of a table and summarised in narrative form.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed study is a scoping review of the existing literature and as such does not require ethics approval. We intend to disseminate the results from the scoping review through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and through conference presentations. Further, we will use the findings from our scoping review to inform future research to fill key evidence gaps identified by this review.

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Has the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype become more common in children between 2004 and 2014? Trends over 10 years from a Swedish general population sample

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

One‐third of school‐aged children with cerebral palsy have neuropsychiatric impairments in a population‐based study

One‐third of school‐aged children with cerebral palsy have neuropsychiatric impairments in a population‐based study

Who Is at Risk of Dying Young from Suicide and Sudden Violent Death? Common and Specific Risk Factors among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Evidence of potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: protocol for a scoping review

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