Has Diversity Increased in Orthopaedic Residency Programs since 1995?

Daniels, Eldra W.; French, Keisha; Murphy, Laurie A.; Grant, Richard E.

doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2259-x

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This study has a number of limitations; first, it was a survey-based study with an overall response rate of 48.4%, which could result in survey sampling bias, tending to systematically overestimate or underestimate population parameters. However our response rate is within the norm of the similar published literature 26 - 30 . Additionally, the survey has not been validated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Barriers to Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedics

et al. 2020

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Background: There are little data to explain why the surgical subspecialty of orthopaedic surgery struggles with improving the racial/ethnic composition of its workforce. The current work sought to determine what orthopaedic residency program directors and coordinators believe are the barriers to improving diversity at their own programs. Methods: Between November 17, 2018, and April 1, 2019, a 17-question survey was electronically distributed to the program directors and coordinators of 155 allopathic orthopaedic surgery residency programs. Seventy-five of 155 programs (48.4%) responded to the survey. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results: The most commonly stated barriers to increasing diversity within the orthopaedic surgery programs were the following: “We do not have enough minority faculty, which may deter the applicants” (69.3%), “We consistently rank minority applicants high but can never seem to match them” (56%), and “Not enough minorities are applying to our program” (54.7%). Programs with higher percentages of underrepresented minority (URM) faculty had higher percentages of URM residents (p = 0.001). Programs participating in the Nth Dimensions and/or Perry Initiative programs had a higher percentage of URM faculty as compared to the residency programs that did not participate in these programs (p = 0.004). URM residents represented 17.5% of all residents who resigned and/or were dismissed in the 10 years preceding the survey while also only representing 6% of all orthopaedic residents during the same time period. Conclusions: From the orthopaedic residency program perspective, the greatest perceived barrier to increasing the racial/ethnic diversity of residents in their program is their lack of URM faculty. Surveyed programs with more URM faculty had more URM residents, and programs participating in Nth Dimensions and/or Perry Initiative programs had a higher percentage of URM faculty.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Barriers to Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedics

et al. 2020

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“…13 However, the effect of these efforts within the ACGME, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and on the medical school level remains to be seen in the years to come. Although it has been shown that over the last decades, the diversity in orthopaedic residency programs has increased, 14 our study is in line with previous reports, indicating that women and minorities remain underrepresented in orthopaedic residencies. 345,78,9,1011 Future efforts should target increasing the acceptance of women and minorities in orthopaedic residency programs during the residency match and interview process.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Geographic Differences in Sex and Racial Distributions Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residencies: Programs in the South Less Likely to Train Women and Minorities

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Women and minorities have been reported to be underrepresented in orthopaedic residency programs. The main goal of this study was to describe the representation of women and minorities in orthopaedic surgery residency programs and to identify any geographic differences across the United States. Methods: Data for active residents within the United States during the academic year 2013 to 2014 were obtained from the American Medical Association. According to the US census method, the program regions were divided into Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Results: The representation of female residents markedly varied by the geographic region with the lowest female representation in the South and the highest female representation in the West and the Northeast ( P = 0.034). Orthopaedic residency programs in the South were less likely to include racial minorities, whereas racial minorities were more commonly represented in residency programs in the West and the Northeast ( P < 0.001). Discussion: Our study demonstrates geographic differences in sex and minority representations in orthopaedic residency programs. Training programs in the South are less likely to train women and minorities compared with training programs in the West and the Northeast region. Both applicant-related factors and program-related factors may contribute to this finding.

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“…First, the relatively low number of URMs in medical school has previously been suggested as a potential reason for low numbers in residency programs 2 . However, the current study shows that the number of URM orthopaedic surgery applicants is relatively proportional to the number of URM medical students, which suggests that there may be a barrier at the residency selection level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Underrepresented Minorities in U.S. Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs

Adelani

Harrington

Montgomery

2019

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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Background: Orthopaedic surgery has generally lagged behind other surgical subspecialties with respect to racial and ethnic diversity in its U.S. residency programs. Efforts have been made to increase the number of underrepresented minorities (URMs) applying to orthopaedic surgery residencies; however, the impact on diversity at the residency program level is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether orthopaedic surgery residency programs have become more racially diverse over time. Methods: The Graduate Medical Education Track database was queried for individual racial/ethnic identification of orthopaedic surgery residents in U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited programs for 15 consecutive years (2002-2003 through 2016-2017). The number of URMs in each residency program during each academic year was recorded. The number of programs per year with no URMs, 1 URM, 2 URMs, and >2 URMs was recorded, and the change over time was assessed. Results: The number of programs per year with >1 URM resident decreased over time, from 61 programs in 2002 to 53 programs in 2016, with the trough being 31 programs in 2010 (p < 0.0001). The number of programs per year without any URM residents increased over the period of study, from 40 programs in 2002 to 60 programs in 2016, with the peak being 76 programs in 2011 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The number of residency programs with >1 URM resident has decreased significantly over time, suggesting that diversity at the program level is limited. Program-level diversity should be further examined as a potential barrier to the recruitment of URMs to orthopaedics. Difficulty attracting URM residents to certain programs may have the unintended consequence of effectively limiting potential positions for these candidates, which can decrease the odds of minority students matching into orthopaedics and, therefore, perpetuate the cycle of lack of diversity in our field. Orthopaedic surgery in the United States lags behind other specialties with respect to racial and ethnic diversity among both residents and academic faculty 1-3. Minorities have been underrepresented in orthopaedics relative to the number of medical students who are underrepresented minorities (URMs) 1,4. In 2006, African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos represented 13.8% of medical school graduates but only 7.8% of orthopaedic surgery residents and 4.9% of orthopaedic surgery faculty 1. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the proportion of minority residents in orthopaedics did not significantly increase over time, with African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans constituting 8.8% of orthopaedic residents in 1995 and 9.1% of residents in 2010 2. Disclosure: The authors indicated that no external funding was received for any aspect of this work. On the Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms, which are provided with the online version of the article, one or more of the authors checked "yes" to indicate that the author had a relevant financial relat...

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Has Diversity Increased in Orthopaedic Residency Programs since 1995?

Cited by 45 publications

References 4 publications

Barriers to Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedics

Barriers to Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedics

Geographic Differences in Sex and Racial Distributions Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residencies: Programs in the South Less Likely to Train Women and Minorities

The Distribution of Underrepresented Minorities in U.S. Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs

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