Harvesting Energy from CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions

Hamelers, H.V.M.; Schaetzle, Olivier; Paz‐Garcia, Juan Manuel; Biesheuvel, P.M.; Buisman, Cees J.N.

doi:10.1021/ez4000059

Cited by 65 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The application of SGP techniques to artificially produced concentration differences has been limited, up to now, by the recovery of by-products of other processes [30,31] or even wastes, such as CO 2 [32]. Recently, it has also been proposed to use an SGP device in a closed cycle in which the concentration difference is obtained by means of distillation [4,5]; see Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

et al. 2014

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The conversion of heat into current can be obtained by a process with two stages. In the first one, the heat is used for distilling a solution and obtaining two flows with different concentrations. In the second stage, the two flows are sent to an electrochemical cell that produces current by consuming the concentration difference. In this paper, we propose such an electrochemical cell, working with water solutions of zinc chloride. The cell contains two electrodes, made respectively of zinc and silver covered by silver chloride. The operation of the cell is analogous to that of the capacitive mixing and of the "mixing entropy battery": the electrodes are charged while dipped in the concentrated solution and discharged when dipped in the diluted solution. The cyclic operation allows us to extract a surplus of energy, at the expense of the free energy of the concentration difference. We evaluate the feasibility of such a cell for practical applications and find that a power up to 2 W per m 2 of the surface of the electrodes can be achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

et al. 2014

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“…Capacitive Donnan potential (CDP) makes use of assemblies, each composed by an activated carbon electrode covered with a perm-selective membrane [22,23,24,25,26]. The voltage rise is due to the variation of the Donnan potential across the membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the surface of activated carbon electrodes for capacitive mixing energy extraction from salinity differences

Marino

Misuri

Jiménez

et al. 2014

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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The "capacitive mixing" (CAPMIX) is one of the techniques aimed at the extraction of energy from the salinity difference between sea and rivers. It is based on the rise of the voltage between two electrodes, taking place when the salt concentration of the solution in which they are dipped is changed. We study the rise of the potential of activated carbon electrodes in NaCl solutions, as a function of their charging state. We evaluate the effect of the modification of the materials obtained by adsorption of charged molecules. We observe a displacement of the potential at which the potential rise vanishes, as predicted by the electric double layer theories. Moreover, we observe a saturation of the potential rise at high charging states, to a value that is nearly independent of the analyzed material. This saturation represents the most relevant element that determines the performances of the CAPMIX cell under study; we attribute it to a kinetic effect.

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“…Electrolyte-filled supercapacitors made from these electrodes are characterized by a high capacitance, fast (dis)charging rates, and high cyclability [3]. These favorable properties have sparked a huge scientific interest in supercapacitors in recent years, and led to various applications [4][5][6][7][8]. The performance of supercapacitors for energy storage usually suffers, however, from increased temperatures causing aging of materials, increased internal resistance, decreased capacitance, parasitic electrochemical reactions, and self discharging [9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Reversible Heating in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Janssen

Roij

2017

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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A detailed comparison is made between different viewpoints on reversible heating in electric double layer capacitors. We show in the limit of slow charging that a combined Poisson-Nernst-Planck and heat equation, first studied by d'Entremont and Pilon [J. Power Sources 246, 887 (2014)], recovers the temperature changes as predicted by the thermodynamic identity of Janssen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 268501 (2014)], and disagrees with the approximative model of Schiffer et al. [J. Power Sources 160, 765 (2006)] that predominates the literature. The thermal response to the adiabatic charging of supercapacitors contains information on electric double layer formation that has remained largely unexplored.With the relation between heat and entropy formulated by Clausius in 1855, and with the establishment of the importance of ion entropy to the electric double layer (EDL) by Gouy (1910) and Chapman (1913) [1], almost a century passed before reversible, adiabatic heating and cooling was measured in electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) [2]. Unlike irreversible Joule heating, occurring everywhere in the electrolyte when an EDLC is charged at finite currents, it turns out that the sources of reversible heating are located only within the nanometerrange vicinity of the electrode's surface. Therefore, one needs EDLCs whose surface-to-volume ratio is as high as possible to notice an appreciable reversible temperature variation. This has become possible and relevant in recent years because electrodes can now be manufactured from porous carbon with internal surface areas up to 2000 m 2 g −1 . Electrolyte-filled supercapacitors made from these electrodes are characterized by a high capacitance, fast (dis)charging rates, and high cyclability [3]. These favorable properties have sparked a huge scientific interest in supercapacitors in recent years, and led to various applications [4][5][6][7][8]. The performance of supercapacitors for energy storage usually suffers, however, from increased temperatures causing aging of materials, increased internal resistance, decreased capacitance, parasitic electrochemical reactions, and self discharging [9][10][11]. Efforts were therefore made both in experiments [2, 10-13] and modeling [14][15][16][17] to gain insight in the thermal behavior of supercapacitors. However, a unified understanding of reversible heating effects occurring during EDL buildup is still lacking, and thermal response to charging has not yet been fully exploited. This Letter for the first time quantitatively reconciles two viewpoints on reversible heating. Within the thermodynamic viewpoint, two distinct identities for isentropic processes are discussed, only one of which (we show) agrees with the other, kinetic, viewpoint.For the thermodynamic viewpoint, consider an EDLC on which a potential is imposed by connecting it to a battery. The electrodes then obtain surface charges which are screened by diffuse clouds of counterionic charge (see Fig. 1), hence the ionic configuration entropy decreases. For a thermally ...

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Harvesting Energy from CO₂ Emissions

Cited by 65 publications

References 22 publications

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

Modification of the surface of activated carbon electrodes for capacitive mixing energy extraction from salinity differences

Reversible Heating in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

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Harvesting Energy from CO2 Emissions

Cited by 65 publications

References 22 publications

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

Modification of the surface of activated carbon electrodes for capacitive mixing energy extraction from salinity differences

Reversible Heating in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Harvesting Energy from CO₂ Emissions