Harvest Indices, Dessert Quality, and Storability of ‘Jonagold’ Apples in Air and Controlled Atmosphere Storage

Abstract

Starch index (SI) was correlated negatively with starch content and positively with internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and logarithm to the base 10 of IEC (loglEC) in ‘Jonagold’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) apples. The initial rapid increase in SI, loglEC, and yellow ground color coincided with one another and occurred ≈20 days before the increase in IEC and incidence of watercore (WC). In 1984, 1985, and 1986, the first acceptable picking date for British Columbia-grown ‘Jonagold’ was about 10 Oct., when the fruit had attained an acceptable amount of color (50% to 85% area greater than No. 2 red color and 4.0-4.5 yellow color units on a 0-10 scale) and a good level of firmness (73-76 N), soluble solids (13.5% to 14.5%), starch (SI of 6.5-7.0 on a 0-9 scale), and acids (661-782 mg malate/100 ml of juice), but without much WC (2% to 13%) or ethylene (0.3-1.5 μl·liter−1 IEC; 5% to 40% of fruit with IEC > 1 μl·liter−1). Fruit picked on 20 Oct. were softer, lower in acids and storage potential, and more susceptible to WC, coreflush (CF), and breakdown (BD) than those picked 10 Oct. Fruit harvested from mature trees stored well at 0°C in air until February and in controlled atmosphere (CA, 1.5% O2 + 1.5% CO2) until June. Fruit from young trees were large and developed BD in air storage as early as November; fruit afflicted with BD were lower in Ca and higher in K : Ca ratio than those free of the disorder. Dessert and sensory ratings were higher in ‘Jonagold’ than in ‘McIntosh’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Delicious’ and were also higher in fruit from CA than from air storage.

Relationship between Preharvest Factors and the Incidence of Storage Disorders in 'Fuji' Apples during CA Storage

“…Although storage conditions vary, dependent upon the cultivar, growing conditions, and harvest maturity, apple fruit are generally stored at 1-3℃ with 1.5 kPa O2 and 3 kPa CO2 partial pressure (Kupferman, 2003;Smock, 1979). Fruit quality and storage disorders during CA storage are mainly affected by harvest date and also the O2 and CO2 partial pressure imposed during storage (Lau, 1988;Yiping et al, 2001). Flesh browning disorder is one of the most serious storage disorders caused by chilling injury during storage, reducing market value and shelf life.…”

Effects of Postharvest 1-MCP Treatment, Storage Method, and Shelf Temperature on Quality Changes of 'Gamhong' Apples during Export Simulation

“…사과의 품질을 장기간 유지시키기 위한 저장기술로는 controlled atmosphere(CA) 방식이 오랜 기간 활용되어 왔 다 (Lau, 1988;Park et al, 1997. 국내 육성 품종에 대한 CA 저장 연구에서도 '홍로'와 '화홍' 품종의 저장력 증진 효과가 보고되었는데, 저장한계기간이 저온저장에 비 해 3개월 이상 연장된다고 하였다 (Hong and Lee, 2003) (Park et al, 2009b).…”