Harvest effects on density and biomass of Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora vary along environmental gradients in the Nepalese Himalayas

Abstract

A surprisingly large number of species potentially threatened by human harvest lack quantitative ecological studies incorporating harvest effects, especially clonal species in the alpine Himalayas. We studied density and biomass variation of a threatened medicinal herb, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, to examine the effect of harvest on plant performance. The study covered two regions with contrasting harvest situations—one with open‐access and another protected from commercial harvesting. Four populations from each region were compared along an elevation gradient (3,800–4,800 m). Also, we conducted in situ interviews with 165 and 38 medicinal and aromatic plant users in open‐access and protected regions, respectively, to assess the collection and use patterns of the target species. The quantity harvested per household for traditional healthcare use was similar in both regions. We found no evidence of trade‐driven collection in the protected region but in the open‐access region a trade‐based annual collection of 35–465 kg dried rhizomes per household had a strong negative effect on both density and biomass. In the protected region, the effect of harvest intensity on plant density was positive for vegetative and negative for reproductive individuals, whereas in the open‐access region, the effect was negative for both vegetative and reproductive individuals. The results indicated that a low harvest intensity had no adverse impact on N. scrophulariiflora populations; however, quantification of the optimum level of harvest remains to be explored. Shrub vegetation appeared to buffer the harvest impact on plant density, possibly through the retention of additional moisture. To maintain population viability, we suggest regulating harvest, for example, by introducing rotational harvest systems, ensuring that a sufficient number of reproductive individuals are left as a source of propagules in each harvested population and that populations are given time to recover between harvests.

Illegal harvesting and livestock grazing threaten the endangered orchid Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó in Nepalese Himalaya

“…The prevailing disturbance practices (grazing, trampling, and overexploitation) and lack of awareness of the population ecology and the conservation status of the plant are the major challenges for sustainable management at the unprotected site (Pouliot et al, 2018). This is also in agreement with Poudeyal et al (2019) who observed that intense human disturbances, especially harvest, played a crucial role as determinants of the density and structure of Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora populations.…”

Trillium govanianum (Himalayan Trillium): production, distribution, use and conservation in Nepal

“…Illegal trade across the borders attributed to the declining population of medicinal plants (Pyakurel et al 2017, Kunwar et al 2020). Premature collection and overharvesting of medicinal plants are common practice in Nepal (Ghimire and Aumeeruddy‐Thomas 2005, Pyakurel et al 2018, Poudeyal et al 2019, Kunwar et al 2021). Local harvesters usually collect whole populations by uprooting them.…”

Differential Expression of Oman’s Wild Lavender, Lavandula subnuda for Chemical Composition towards Medicinal and Aromatic Application

“…These measurements of plants in their wild habitats help researchers for deciding plant-to-plant distance for maximizing plant biomass yield under Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) recently (Poudeyal et al, 2019;Saha and Basak, 2020;Ierna et al, 2020) in medicinal and aromatic plants to supply to pharmaceutical industries for producing plant-based medicine molecules and drugs.…”