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Milk fat is known to contain one of the highest number of fatty acids of all edible oils. Some of these fatty acids are known to be valuable (e.g. conjugated linoleic acids, furan fatty acid) and other as undesirable (e.g. saturated and some trans-fatty acids) food ingredients. However, a comprehensive picture on the presence of many trace fatty acids has not been achieved. For this reason we have developed an analysis scheme based on the conversion of the fatty acids into methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters were then fractionated by urea complexation. Both the filtrate of the urea complexation (*4 % of the sample weight) and the original sample were fractionated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The resulting fractions were analyzed by GC/MS analysis. With this method 430 fatty acids were detected in one single butter sample. More than 230 fatty acids had two or more double bonds. In addition to the widely known spectrum of fatty acids we also detected a range of cyclohexyl fatty acids (five homologues) and methyl-branched fatty acids (including short chain and even-numbered anteiso-fatty acids), conjugated tetradecadienoic acids along with the novel x-oxo-fatty acids (seven homologues). The reported relative retention time on the polar column may serve as a data base for the screening of other samples for this profusion of fatty acids.
Milk fat is known to contain one of the highest number of fatty acids of all edible oils. Some of these fatty acids are known to be valuable (e.g. conjugated linoleic acids, furan fatty acid) and other as undesirable (e.g. saturated and some trans-fatty acids) food ingredients. However, a comprehensive picture on the presence of many trace fatty acids has not been achieved. For this reason we have developed an analysis scheme based on the conversion of the fatty acids into methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters were then fractionated by urea complexation. Both the filtrate of the urea complexation (*4 % of the sample weight) and the original sample were fractionated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The resulting fractions were analyzed by GC/MS analysis. With this method 430 fatty acids were detected in one single butter sample. More than 230 fatty acids had two or more double bonds. In addition to the widely known spectrum of fatty acids we also detected a range of cyclohexyl fatty acids (five homologues) and methyl-branched fatty acids (including short chain and even-numbered anteiso-fatty acids), conjugated tetradecadienoic acids along with the novel x-oxo-fatty acids (seven homologues). The reported relative retention time on the polar column may serve as a data base for the screening of other samples for this profusion of fatty acids.
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Production of Natural Fatty Acids 3.1. Resources and Raw Materials 3.2. Fat Splitting 3.2.1. Hydrolysis – Principles 3.2.2. Hydrolysis – Industrial Procedure 3.2.3. Hydrolysis – Enzymatic Processes 3.3. Separation of Fatty Acids 3.3.1. Distillation 3.3.2. Crystallization 3.4. Modification of Fatty Acids 3.4.1. Hydrogenation 3.4.2. Double Bond Isomerization 3.4.3. Dehydration 3.4.4. Dimerization 3.4.5. Ozonolysis 3.4.6. Thermal Decomposition 3.4.7. Bio‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids 3.4.8. Enzymatic Esterification 4. Production of Synthetic Fatty Acids 4.1. Hydroformylation 4.2. Hydrocarboxylation 4.3. Other Commercial and Noncommercial Processes 5. Analysis 6. Storage and Transportation 7. Environmental Protection, Toxicology and Occupational Health 8. Uses 9. References
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