“…Only bands deemed to be pure were sequenced. The sequence data from bands of interest were analysed and their putative identities determined as described by Aleer et al (2010).…”
Section: Dna Extraction and Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning
“…Only bands deemed to be pure were sequenced. The sequence data from bands of interest were analysed and their putative identities determined as described by Aleer et al (2010).…”
Section: Dna Extraction and Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning
“…According to Aleer et al (2011), biodegradation of waste engine oil in test soils showed that by week 8, the levels of TPH in biostimulated samples fell below 10,000 mg/kg.…”
Section: Biodegradation Of Used Engine Oilmentioning
Soil contamination by used engine oil is a common occurrence in most developing countries. This has been shown to have harmful effects on the environment and human beings at large. Used oils are considered to be hazardous waste materials. These are composed of toxic chemicals, such as heavy metals (which come from additives and wear and tear of engine parts), combustion products, light hydrocarbons, polar compounds, uninuclear and polynuclear aromatic compounds, resinous materials, and organometallic compounds. Some of these pollutants are carcinogenic in nature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of used engine oil (doses of 0.5% and 5%) with hydrocarbon pollution on total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from soil and determine the fate of TPHs at different temperatures (18 °C and 28 °C) during an incubation period of 240 days. The possible use of wastewater sludge as a biostimulating agent in used engine oil-contaminated soils was also evaluated. The results of 240 days of incubation indicated that TPH removal percentages in used engine oil-contaminated+sludge amended soils at 18 °C were 68% and 66% for doses of 0.5% and 5%, respectively. Incubation at 28 °C resulted in higher TPH removal with values of 56% (dose of 0.5%) and 74% (dose of 5%). Based on the first-order kinetics model, the high dose (5%) of used engine oil-contaminated soil amended with wastewater sludge showed the highest biodegradation rate of 0.00562/day and half-life of 123.13 days at the end of the incubation period at 28 °C. These rates were significantly higher than those of the control soil (0.00366/day and 189.01 days).
“…Sequencing was carried out as described by Aleer et al (2011), and the sequence data trimmed and aligned with Sequencher 4.1.4 software (Gene Codes Corp., Ann Arbor, MI, USA) before being submitted to GenBank for the determination of their putative identities. Similarity relationships between microbial groups on the community profiles were expressed in similarity clusters using the unweighted pair group method with mathematical averages (UPGMA).…”
Section: Sequencing Microbial Community and Statistical Analysesmentioning
In this study, biological methods (biostimulation and bioaugmentation) were used to treat oil tank bottom sludge contaminated soils to total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels suitable for landfill disposal. The sludge's hydrocarbon-degrading microbial capacities were initially compared to those from other contaminated environments using culture-based methods. Results indicated that a fungus, Scedosporium dominated the sludge microbial community. Its application in a nutrient formulation resulted in greater reduction in oil tank bottom sludge viscosity (44 %) and residual soil hydrocarbon compared to hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms from other sources (26.7 % reduction in viscosity). Subsequent field-based experiments showed greater TPH reduction (54 %) in fungal-nutrient-treated sludge-waste soils than in naturally attenuated controls (22 %) over 49 days. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and internal transcribed spacer regionbased polymerase chain reactions and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses showed minimal effects on the microbial communities during this time. TPH reduction to landfill disposal levels occurred at a slower rate after this, falling below the 10,000 mg kg -1 legislated TPH disposal threshold earlier in amended samples (91.2 %; 9,500 mg kg -1 ) compared to the control (82 %; 17,000 mg kg -1 ) in 182 days. The results show that the intrinsic hydrocarbon-degrading microbial capacities in sludge are better suited for sludge degradation than those from other sources. The substantial TPH reduction observed in control samples demonstrates the beneficial effects of natural attenuation with waste soils for oil tank sludge treatment. Microbial capacities in sludge and treated waste soils can therefore be successfully employed for treating oil tank bottom sludge.
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