Harnessing the chemistry of graphene oxide

Abstract

Our understanding of the fundamental structure and bonding of graphene oxide (GO) as well as the scope of its utility have grown tremendously over the past decade. As a result, the pace of research efforts directed toward this carbon material continues to increase. Contemporary application now intersects a variety of disciplines and includes heterogeneous catalysis, flow reactor technologies, biomedicine and biotechnology, polymer composites, energy storage, and chemical sensors. Advances in these areas have been buoyed by improvements in the methods used to synthesize and characterize GO, as well as functionalized derivatives thereof. While the diverse uses of GO have been reviewed previously, herein we provide an overview of some of the most recent and significant developments in the field. A brief overview of GO's synthesis and characterization is also provided as well as several recently proposed structural models. The inherent reactivity of GO is described in the context of catalysis, and the utilization of GO's reactive oxygen groups and carbon framework to prepare functionalized derivatives is also discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook of potential areas where GO, its derivatives, and related materials may be expected to find utility or opportunity for further growth and study.

Electrochemically Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Sulfide for High‐Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors

“…The Ni–Co–S‐2/GF has higher I D / I G value which indicates the generation of defects after O 2 plasma treatment or electrochemical deposition; however, the majority of the sp 2 structure was well maintained in the composites. Overall the GF has high conductivity, a large amount of sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon components, and few defects, which is different from the conventionally used rG‐O/G‐O27 prepared by the chemical method which has a lot of defects even after reduction. The PPy/GF has resonance peaks at 917.63 and 969.58 cm −1 which can be ascribed to the N—H and C—H deformation of the pyrrole ring, while the peaks at 1385.26 and 1571.84 cm −1 can be assigned to C=C stretching of PPy.…”

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

“…In addition, high-shear liquid exfoliated PG offers an alternative to the bulk synthesis of graphene-like materials [6] which could also be used in the fabrication of composites [16] and batteries [17]. An advantage of GO when compared to pristine graphene flakes lies in the presence of functional groups that make it ideal for applications involving composites in which matrix-filler bonding is preferred [14,18]. Therefore, the control in the fabrication of novel hybrid materials and 3-dimensional structures [10] require the development of an adequate and reliable synthesis model which could deep our knowledge in understanding the detailed structure of GO and its reduced forms.…”

Long-Term High-Temperature Stability of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets in Arab-D and API Brine

“…An advantage of this approach is the large surface area and chemical reactivity of the graphene oxide basal plane, [4][5][6] which facilitated functionalization as well as the potential ability to transport adsorbed nanomaterials deemed of interest. [7][8][9][10] As a result, success with this system could find utility for stabilizing and transporting different payloads (molecules or nanoparticles).…”