Harnessing Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Regeneration of Degenerative Bone Conditions

Jia, Zhiwei; Zhang, Shunxin; Li, Wei

doi:10.2147/ijn.s424731

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Exosomes are lipid microvesicles of endocytotic origin (27,28), which play a crucial role in various diseases like cardiovascular diseases, hematologic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumors (29)(30)(31)(32). Exosomes are present in almost all living cells and can exist stably in diverse body fluids, like saliva, plasma, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Qiu,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa. The pathogenesis of GC is intricately linked to the tumor microenvironment within which the cancer cells reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) primarily differentiate from peripheral blood monocytes and can be broadly categorized into M1 and M2 subtypes. M2-type TAMs have been shown to promote tumor growth, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, they can actively suppress acquired immunity, leading to a poorer prognosis and reduced tolerance to chemotherapy. Exosomes, which contain a myriad of biologically active molecules including lipids, proteins, mRNA, and noncoding RNAs, have emerged as key mediators of communication between tumor cells and TAMs. The exchange of these molecules via exosomes can markedly influence the tumor microenvironment and consequently impact tumor progression. Recent studies have elucidated a correlation between TAMs and various clinicopathological parameters of GC, such as tumor size, differentiation, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging, highlighting the pivotal role of TAMs in GC development and metastasis. In this review, we aim to comprehensively examine the bidirectional communication between GC cells and TAMs, the implications of alterations in the tumor microenvironment on immune escape, invasion, and metastasis in GC, targeted therapeutic approaches for GC, and the efficacy of potential GC drug resistance strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Qiu,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…molecules from MSCs to host cells, intricately orchestrating the regulation of their biological processes [16,17]. In fact, EVs secreted from MSCs play an important role in tissue regeneration [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Exosomes: A Breakthrough Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Ghasroldasht,

Park,

Ali

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a multifaceted challenge with limited treatment options. This study explored the therapeutic potential of exosome-based interventions for chemotherapy-induced POI. Methods With a novel culture system, enhanced exosomes were engineered from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), demonstrating superior efficacy compared to naïve exosomes. Results In vitro models revealed the significant impact of enhanced exosomes secretion, which promoted granulosa cell proliferation, mitigated apoptosis, and enhanced ovarian functional markers. The findings in an in vivo chemotherapy-induced POI mouse model underscored the restoration of ovarian morphology, follicle numbers, and fertility in both the naïve and enhanced exosome-treated groups. Notably, the enhanced exosome group demonstrated a heightened pregnancy rate, increased numbers of primary follicles, and a significant reduction in ovarian apoptosis. Safety assessments indicated the feasibility and safety of intravenous exosome administration. MiRNA profiling revealed distinctive cargo in the enhanced exosomes, among which miR-20b-5p played a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis and inflammation; this finding is especially important given that apoptosis is one of the primary complications of chemotherapy-induced POI. Furthermore, cells treated with enhanced amounts of exosomes demonstrated significant overexpression of miR-20b-5p, resulting in decreased PTEN expression and the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway—a crucial mechanism in mitigating chemotherapy-induced POI. Conclusions This study introduces an innovative exosome-based therapeutic paradigm, accentuating the pivotal role of cargo composition. Further exploration of the identified miRNA profile in enhanced exosomes is warranted for elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved, as this approach could lead to breakthroughs in clinical POI treatment.

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Harnessing Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Scaffolds for Bone‐Related Diseases

Yu,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis and are extensively explored for cell therapy in various bone‐related diseases. In addition to direct cell therapy, the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by MSCs has emerged as a promising alternative approach. MSC‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) offer equivalent therapeutic efficacy to MSCs while mitigating potential risks. These EVs possess unique properties that enable them to traverse biological barriers and deliver bioactive cargos to target cells. Furthermore, by employing modification and engineering strategies, the therapeutic effects and tissue targeting specificity of MSC‐EVs can be further enhanced to meet specific therapeutic needs. In this review, the mechanisms and advantages of MSC‐EV therapy in diseased bone tissues are highlighted. Through simple isolation and modification techniques, MSC‐EV‐based biomaterials have demonstrated great promise for bone regeneration. Finally, future perspectives on MSC‐EV therapy are presented, envisioning the development of next‐generation regenerative materials and bioactive agents for clinical translation in the field of bone regeneration.

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Harnessing Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Regeneration of Degenerative Bone Conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 111 publications

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Enhanced Exosomes: A Breakthrough Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Harnessing Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Scaffolds for Bone‐Related Diseases

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