Harnessing Solar Power: A Review of Photovoltaic Innovations, Solar Thermal Systems, and the Dawn of Energy Storage Solutions

Abstract

The goal of this review is to offer an all-encompassing evaluation of an integrated solar energy system within the framework of solar energy utilization. This holistic assessment encompasses photovoltaic technologies, solar thermal systems, and energy storage solutions, providing a comprehensive understanding of their interplay and significance. It emphasizes the importance of solar energy as a renewable resource and its role in addressing global energy demand and mitigating climate change. The review highlights the significance of advancements in various solar energy technologies, focusing on their environmental benefits, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction and air and water pollution mitigation. It explores the evolution of photovoltaic technologies, categorizing them into first-, second-, and third-generation photovoltaic cells, and discusses the applications of solar thermal systems such as water heaters, air heaters, and concentrators. The paper examines key advancements in energy storage solutions for solar energy, including battery-based systems, pumped hydro storage, thermal storage, and emerging technologies. It references recent published literature to present findings on energy payback time, carbon footprint, and performance metrics. Challenges to widespread adoption are discussed, including cost and economic viability, intermittency, environmental impacts, and grid integration. Strategies to overcome these challenges, such as cost reduction, policy support, energy storage integration, and sustainable practices, are presented based on published literature. By bridging gaps in existing literature, this comprehensive resource aims to equip researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals with insights into forging a sustainable and renewable energy future.

Solar energy innovations in the USA: A comparative global review

“…As the nation strives to transition to a more sustainable energy landscape, the continued advancement of solar technologies remains pivotal in achieving these ambitious goals. The journey from early solar experiments to the current state of sophisticated solar energy systems underscores the resilience and potential of this renewable energy source (Hasan et al, 2023). In the context of the comparative global review, these advancements position the USA as a key influencer in the global solar energy arena, shaping the future trajectory of renewable energy on a worldwide scale.…”

A comprehensive review of renewable energy integration for climate resilience

“…This section examines emerging technologies and innovations, policy trends and regulatory developments, and opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange in shaping the future of renewable energy deployment. Energy Storage Technologies: Advancements in battery storage, pumped hydro storage, and other energy storage technologies are revolutionizing renewable energy integration by enabling grid flexibility, balancing supply and demand, and enhancing energy reliability and resilience (Hasan et al, 2023). Smart Grid Systems: Smart grid technologies, including advanced metering infrastructure, grid automation, and demand response systems, are facilitating the integration of renewable energy into existing energy infrastructure, optimizing grid operations, and enhancing system flexibility and efficiency (Dileep, 2020).…”

Reviewing the Situation and Prospects for Developing Small Renewable Energy Systems in Poland

“…Other researchers have focused on the feasibility of applying solar energy to various industries [74][75][76][77], or have emphasized the special importance of solar energy in meeting the global energy demand in a sustainable manner [78][79][80][81][82].…”