Harnessing Pivotal Advances for Production and Structural Derivation of the Promising Molecule Ursolic Acid

Abstract

Ursolic acid (UA) is a ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, naturally produced in plants via specialized metabolism and exhibits vast range of remarkable physiological activities and pharmacological manifestations. Owing to significant safety and efficacy in different medical conditions, UA may serve as a backbone to produce its derivatives with novel therapeutic functions. This review systematically provides an overview of the pharmacological activities, acquisition methods and structural modification methods of UA. In addition, we focused on the synthetic modifications of UA to yield its valuable derivatives with enhanced therapeutic potential. Furthermore, harnessing the essential advances for green synthesis of UA and its derivatives by advent of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are highlighted. In combination with the advantages of UA biosynthesis and transformation strategy, large-scale production and applications of UA is a promising platform for further exploration.