Harnessing Heterogeneity: Clustering Kazakh Spring Rapeseed for Breeding Value

Abstract

This study presents an investigation into the breeding genotypes of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and their subsequent grouping based on ecological adaptability to the northern region of Kazakhstan. Evaluations were made using key quantitative traits such as yield, grains per ear, and weight of 1000 grains to assess breeding value, genotypic effect, stress resistance, and genetic flexibility. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the viability of the rapeseed breeding material was assessed. Findings revealed a seed germination rate between 87% to 96% and a 1000-seed weight of 5.2 to 6.1 grams. These seeds were procured using standard seed production protocols. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 36 genotypes of spring oilseed rape, each with distinct ecogeographical origins. This was compared to the standard variety of Kazakhstani selection, Maykuduk. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) module within the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed to perform cluster analysis of samples based on economically valuable traits of spring rapeseed. Findings indicated that samples belonging to the second cluster, exhibiting the highest average productivity indicators, are promising for integration into breeding programs. These samples demonstrated an average two-year yield of 44.4 c/ha, plant height of 142 cm, 4 to 6 branches, an average of 250 pods, 22 seeds per pod, 4095 g seeds per plant, and a seed weight per plant of 15 g. The implications of this research are significant for agricultural enterprises, as the findings may potentially promote an increase in the cultivation area of spring rapeseed. This is anticipated to augment the stability of oilseed raw material production and biodiesel fuel.