Harnessing blue energy with COF membranes

Samineni, Laxmicharan; Kumar, Manish

doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01118-z

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our recent work has demonstrated that the concentration polarization at the coupon scale could be largely overcome using a covalent organic framework (COF) monolayer membrane with high pore density and short interpore distance in which the ultrashort interpore distance endows a strong pore–pore coupling effect between neighboring pores, leading to enhanced osmotic current and voltage . However, despite the pore–pore coupling effect in diluted solutions where the electric double layer overlaps, the overall impact of this high pore density monolayer on the output power density, especially under high salinities where the electrostatic effect diminishes, is still elusive and requires further explorations …”

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confidence: 99%

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Essence of the Enhanced Osmotic Energy Conversion in a Covalent Organic Framework Monolayer

Huang

Fang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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Low membrane conductivity originated from a high membrane thickness has long been the “Achilles heel” of the conventional polymeric membrane, greatly hampering the improvement of the output power density in osmotic power generation. Herein, we demonstrate a molecularly-thin two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) monolayer membrane, featured with ultimate thickness, high pore density, and tight pore size distribution, which performs as a highly efficient osmotic power generator. Despite the large pore size up to 3.8 nm and relatively low surface charge density of 2.2 mC m–2, the monolayer COF membrane exhibits a high osmotic current density of 16.7 kA m–2 and an output power density of 102 W m–2 under 50 times the NaCl salinity gradient (0.5 M/0.01 M). This superior power density could be further improved to 170 W m–2 in the real seawater/river water gradient system. When the large pore size and low surface charge density are considered, this superior performance is not expected. Computational studies further reveal that the ultimate membrane permeability originated from the high membrane porosity, rather than ion selectivity, plays a dominant role in the production of high current density, especially under high salinity. This work provides an alternative strategy to realize improved output power density in ultrapermeable membranes.

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confidence: 99%

“…12 However, despite the pore−pore coupling effect in diluted solutions where the electric double layer overlaps, the overall impact of this high pore density monolayer on the output power density, especially under high salinities where the electrostatic effect diminishes, is still elusive and requires further explorations. 13…”

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confidence: 99%

Essence of the Enhanced Osmotic Energy Conversion in a Covalent Organic Framework Monolayer

Huang

Fang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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“…Electrostatic coupling from the neighboring nanopores is one of the important roles as the interpore distance is comparable to the Debye length . More importantly, the effect of ion size on steric effects in the electrical double layer (EDL) and the cause of the enhancement of EDL, also defined as the Debye layer overspill, − need to be considered especially in the pore–pore interactions at nanoscale.…”

Section: Nanoscale Pore–pore Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrostatic coupling from the neighboring nanopores is one of the important roles as the interpore distance is comparable to the Debye length. 45 More importantly, the effect of ion size on steric effects in the electrical double layer (EDL) and the cause of the enhancement of EDL, also defined as the Debye layer overspill, 46−48 need to be considered especially in the pore−pore interactions at nanoscale. Apart from electrostatic coupling, diffusion or fluid coupling between adjacent pores might also exist, and further experimental characterizations and computational simulations are required to fully explore the potential influence of such a pore−pore coupling effect.…”

Section: Nanoscale Pore−pore Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Pore–Pore Coupling Effect on Ion Transport through Ordered Porous Monolayers

Yang

Fang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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Distinct from the conventional view that nanopores are considered independent channels for mass transport, recent study on the covalent organic framework (COF)-based monolayers characteristic of an ordered nanopore array exhibits a series of interesting properties originating from the strong interactions between adjacent pores. These interactions are determined to be highly dependent on interpore distance and pose a significant influence on the ion transport, accounting for the exceptional membrane performance including both selectivity and conductance. In this Perspective, we discuss the recently discovered nanoscale pore–pore coupling as well as the exciting features of porous nanostructures. We also look at the challenges and future opportunities of ion transport in ordered porous monolayers in the aspects of both fundamental research and practical use.

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“…To harness this energy, reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology has been developed. It employs ion exchange membranes that enable specific ions to migrate selectively through the membranes, directly transforming chemical potential energy into electrical energy. − The operational mechanism of the RED for the conversion of salinity energy into electricity is elaborated upon in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Cation-Exchange Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Real-World Applications in a Multidisciplinary Laboratory

Sun,

Guo,

Zuo

et al. 2023

J. Chem. Educ.

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This laboratory experiment offers a research-style experience designed for senior undergraduate students in a multidisciplinary laboratory setting. The experiment focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of a cation-exchange membrane made of COF-SO3Na/PAN for ion separation. By participating in this practical session, students gain firsthand experience in both the fundamental procedures of membrane synthesis and the application of widely recognized scientific research methodologies. Furthermore, the experiment offers students hands-on opportunities to become acquainted with modern instrumental techniques extensively used in chemical research, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The acquisition of these skills not only provides students with valuable practical experience but also equips them with the ability to effectively communicate their future research accomplishments to the broader scientific community. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates the significant potential of the synthesized membrane material for real-world applications, as evidenced by its effectiveness in osmotic energy extraction through ion separation using reverse electrodialysis (RED). This serves to underscore the practical utility of the research findings and reinforces students’ understanding of the broader implications of materials chemistry. It also enables instructors to contextualize the experiment within the broader field, encouraging students to explore the frontiers of knowledge and innovation.

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Harnessing blue energy with COF membranes

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Essence of the Enhanced Osmotic Energy Conversion in a Covalent Organic Framework Monolayer

Essence of the Enhanced Osmotic Energy Conversion in a Covalent Organic Framework Monolayer

Nanoscale Pore–Pore Coupling Effect on Ion Transport through Ordered Porous Monolayers

Exploring Cation-Exchange Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Real-World Applications in a Multidisciplinary Laboratory

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