“…The two hybrid adaptation schemes are named as (i) concurrent hybrid adaptation scheme and (ii) preferential hybrid adaptation scheme, and they are proposed and utilized to design the AFLCs in this paper, following similar philosophies previously adopted in (K. D. Sharma et al, 2009Sharma et al, , 2010. All the required parameters to construct an AFLC are encoded in a candidate solution vector (CSV) (K. D. Sharma et al, 2014b). In this proposed design process, the hybrid adaptation schemes, either in concurrent manner or in preferential manner, are applied to optimize the structure of the AFLC, that is, the number of MFs required to fuzzify the input variables, centre locations of the input MFs, positions of the output singletons and so forth and the scaling factors of the input and output variables.…”