Harmonic Models of Transformers

Masoum, Mohammad A. S.; Fuchs, E.F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800782-2.00002-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Consequently, this requires a precise selection of winding arrangements to limit their impact on the fault current path during ground faults, insulation coordination, triple-harmonics circulation, resonance events (i.e., ferroresonance), overvoltage incidents (i.e., temporary overvoltages (TOV)), etc. Table 3 highlights the upsides and downsides of three typical winding connections from the protection standpoint [51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Der-interface Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative framework for AC-microgrid protection schemes: challenges, solutions, real applications, and future trends

Sheta

Abdulsalam

Sedhom

et al. 2023

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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With the rapid development of electrical power systems in recent years, microgrids (MGs) have become increasingly prevalent. MGs improve network efficiency and reduce operating costs and emissions because of the integration of distributed renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage, and source-load management systems. Despite these advances, the decentralized architecture of MGs impacts the functioning patterns of the entire system, including control strategy, energy management philosophy, and protection scheme. In this context, developing a convenient protection strategy for MGs is challenging because of various obstacles, such as the significant variance in short-circuit values under different operating modes, two-way power flow, asynchronous reclosing, protection blinding, sympathetic tripping, and loss of coordination. In light of these challenges, this paper reviews prior research on proposed protection schemes for AC-MGs to thoroughly evaluate network protection's potential issues. The paper also provides a comprehensive overview of the MG structure and the associated protection challenges, solutions, real applications, and future trends.

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Section: Der-interface Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative framework for AC-microgrid protection schemes: challenges, solutions, real applications, and future trends

Sheta

Abdulsalam

Sedhom

et al. 2023

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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“…However, the harmonics' magnitude might rise because of a power system malfunction, faults, or heavy nonlinear load switching [47], [48], resulting in transformer resonance and overvoltage. Due to the injection of harmonics in the transformer [49], as depicted in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Transformer Resonance Due To Nonlinear Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformer Resonance: Reasons, Modeling Approaches, Solutions

et al. 2023

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Due to the extension of the power grid with many complex and compact pieces of power equipment, transformers will be more exposed to fast transient, resulting from various resonance conditions. Transformer resonance can result in severe overvoltage on internal parts of the winding, leading to insulation failure and, consequently, transformer outage. The main reasons for resonance occurrence, the practical method to measure the resonance of transformers, and the solution for preventing transformer resonances have been discussed in the scientific reports over the past few decades; however, a comprehensive review of these studies is not present in the literature. Hence this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review to categorize the main reasons for transformer resonance, modeling methods, and appropriate solutions to suppress this phenomenon and suggest some prospective protection for future works.

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“…The maximum quantity of RMS harmonic in power transformer [71] is given as:

X_{m a x}^{p u} = \sqrt{\frac{1 + P_{E C}}{1 + K_{h} \frac{X^{2}}{\sum_{1}^{\infty} X_{h}^{2}}}}

where

P_{E C}

= eddy current losses,

X_{h}

= voltage/current harmonic, and

K_{h}

= constant of harmonic.…”

Section: Inrush Discrimination From Fault Condition Based On Thdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methodologies used for detection of magnetising inrush and fault conditions in power transformer

Raichura

Chothani

Patel³

2021

IET Energy Syst Integration

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Reliable and dedicated protection of the transformer is the main requirement in the power system due to the supervision of a highly expensive equipment transformer. Nonlinear characteristics of the transformer give mysterious behaviour for the period of inrush and Current transformer saturation conditions. As a stagnant and electro-magnetic device, a transformer is mainly affected by self-inrush. The saturation of the core itself is a very critical situation that becomes a hindrance for fault discrimination. This article involves the elaboration of the effect of inrush on transformer operation, past research practices for the discrimination of inrush with the faulty condition, and a definite method to recognise inrush and fault condition of the transformer. More than 50 reputed journal articles, various book chapters, and books with research thesis thoroughly studied to review the inrush and fault discrimination conditions. A comparative analysis is prepared to suggest the identification of transformer abnormalities. Moreover, a total harmonics distortion (THD)-based solution proposed for discrimination of the inrush condition from fault and other abnormal conditions using the short time Fourier transform technique. Hardware setup for 2 kVA transformer developed in the laboratory to study different inrush phenomena and altered fault conditions. Simulation and hardware results show various effects of inrush and fault with individual harmonic and THD-based analysis. The collection of real-time data is further used based on laboratory hardware setup to enhance real-time protection schemes for power transformers.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Harmonic Models of Transformers

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Comparative framework for AC-microgrid protection schemes: challenges, solutions, real applications, and future trends

Comparative framework for AC-microgrid protection schemes: challenges, solutions, real applications, and future trends

Transformer Resonance: Reasons, Modeling Approaches, Solutions

Review of methodologies used for detection of magnetising inrush and fault conditions in power transformer

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