Harmonic Modeling of Electric Vehicle Chargers in Frequency Domain

Müller, Sascha; Meyer, Jan; Schegner, Peter; Djokić, Saša Ž.

doi:10.24084/repqj13.337

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Further information on the impact of phase angle dependencies and cross-coupling of harmonics on the emission of PVIs and EVBCs can be found e.g. in [16][17][18].…”

Section: B Test Set-up and Test Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Modelling of Power-Dependent Harmonic Characteristics of Modern PE Devices in LV Networks

Collin

Djokić

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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This paper presents results of experimental and analytical evaluation of power-dependent harmonic emission of three common types of modern low voltage (LV) power electronic (PE) devices. After a detailed analysis of comprehensive test results, based on both existing and new waveform distortion indices, the development of component-based models of PE devices is discussed. The paper demonstrates the importance of including PE devices' controls for accurate modelling of their characteristics over the entire range of operating powers. Most of the analysed PE devices exhibit strong power-dependent changes of characteristics, additionally influenced by supply voltage conditions, which are important for the analysis of both existing networks and future "smart grids". ).testing of EVBCs, despite the fact that the power during the charging cycle is variable, and will typically reduce during the latter stages. Test procedures for power-generating LV PE devices do consider variable power operation, with [3] and [5] specifying test points at 100% and 50% (and 25% in [3]) of P rated for PVIs. However, the actual output of any PVI can be, and often is lower, dependent on ambient conditions. Across the operating range, the performance of the internal control circuits of a PE device may be compromised, altering the device's characteristics. This may have a negative impact on the supply grid when such equipment is connected in large numbers. This paper presents a detailed experimental-based characterization of a number of SMPS', EVBCs and PVIs across their entire operational ranges and for different supply conditions. Two new indices are introduced for the analysis, which allow separate assessment of the contributions from the low-frequency (LF) harmonics and all other waveform distortions to the device's total operating current. This is of particular importance for the analysis of modern PE devices, for which LF harmonics might not be the most significant part of the total waveform distortion (e.g. [8]). The analysis of measurements is supported by the development of componentbased (circuit-based) models, capable of correctly reproducing the harmonic characteristics over the entire operating range.This paper shows that mostof tested PE devices exhibit distinctive power-dependent performance changes. The impact of realistic supply voltage conditions, i.e. distorted voltage and source impedance, on device characteristics is also considered and is shown to have considerable impact on certain types of equipment. Particular attention is given to the increased distortion in low and very low power operating modes (defined as below 30% and 10% of P rated ), as this issue has received limited attention in literature and is not fully captured by existing indices. When operating in very low power mode, some of the measured PE devices enter unstable operating regions or disconnect (i.e. 'trip' via their internal protection). These effects signify the importance of PE devices' controls when evaluating and modelling power-dependent changes in...

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“…Further information on the impact of phase angle dependencies and cross-coupling of harmonics on the emission of PVIs and EVBCs can be found e.g. in [16][17][18].…”

Section: B Test Set-up and Test Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Modelling of Power-Dependent Harmonic Characteristics of Modern PE Devices in LV Networks

Collin

Djokić

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…Versatile nonlinear dependencies of PE models on different system or PE-device based operation parameters are clearly identified in [13], [14] and [15] where the data are gathered by detailed measurements or simulations of different "black-box" models of PE devices, which represents the device with unknown topology and control algorithms. Mostly, the characteristics are identified as equivalent impedances with dependencies on different parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, the equivalent model can be established by using the scanning method with a real hardware devices [14] - [16] or with the detailed EMT simulation models. The latter is applicable especially with the high-power, high-voltage devices due to more demanding requirements for the testing equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Emissions of Power Electronic Devices Under Different Transmission Network Operating Conditions

Božiček

Kilter

Sarnet

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Harmonic emissions of power electronic (PE) devices connected to transmission networks are introducing new and rising trends of harmonic distortion. Analyses, which focus on assessing the harmonic levels in PE-rich power networks of the future, are mostly based on digital simulations, which require accurate models of the power system and connected devices. The simulations are usually performed with the use of EMT models, resulting in long simulation times, or the use of over-simplified load-flow models. In this paper, we propose a methodology that can be used to define accurate frequency-domain simulation models of PE devices. The models are derived by frequency-dependent multi-parameter scanning. The resulting models can be employed for harmonic load-flow simulations in different network and PE-device operating conditions. They enable the assessment of the impact of frequency-dependent network-impedance characteristics and, moreover, the effect of cross-coupling between different frequency components. The analysis is focused on high-power, high-voltage power-electronic devices, which cannot be easily measured or analyzed for harmonic characteristics. Therefore, the methodology requires detailed EMT models of the devices, which are analyzed within different operating conditions. The accurate equivalent models of PE devices represent a crucial element within the context of harmonic emission studies in large transmission networks.

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“…These indices are slight modifications of the indices introduced in (Cobben et al, 2007;Müller et al, 2015).…”

Section: Fingerprint Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The linearity index is defined as the ratio of the distance between the maximum value of each branch and the center of the fingerprint to the sum of the distances between the individual successive measurement points of the considered branch. As suggested in (Müller et al, 2015), the 25 th percentile is used as linearity index L (νμ) and calculated as follows:…”

Section: Linearity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of non-linear household loads for frequency domain modeling

Romero¹,

Gallego²,

Meyer³

et al. 2015

ing.inv.

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Component-based harmonic studies in public Low Voltage grids require realistic models of individual loads as well as their typical penetration ratios. As fundamental basis for the development of comprehensive models for residential users, this paper identifies the most commonly used household loads in Colombia. The loads are classified according to their Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit topology in no-PFC, passive-PFC and active-PFC devices, and a comprehensive set of loads is selected. Their behavior in terms of harmonic emission is characterized by intensive lab measurements with systematically varied supply voltage distortion. Based on several indices, the suitability of different frequency-domain modeling approaches (e.g. constant current source, decoupled and coupled Norton models) is assessed.

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Harmonic Modeling of Electric Vehicle Chargers in Frequency Domain

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Analysis and Modelling of Power-Dependent Harmonic Characteristics of Modern PE Devices in LV Networks

Analysis and Modelling of Power-Dependent Harmonic Characteristics of Modern PE Devices in LV Networks

Harmonic Emissions of Power Electronic Devices Under Different Transmission Network Operating Conditions

Characterization of non-linear household loads for frequency domain modeling

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