Harmful Shell Borers, Polydora Species (Polychaeta: Spionidae), from Commercially Important Mollusk Shells in East Asia and Australia

Sato-Okoshi, Waka; Abe, Haruo; Okoshi, Kenji; Teramoto, Wataru; Shaw, Jeremy; Koh, Byoung–Seol; Kim, Yong Hyun; Li, Jingyu

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13878-7_4

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the disproportionately high number of records for adelphophagic and poecilogonous development among species recorded as pests in on-shore facilities supports the hypothesis that some se lection does occur there (e.g. P. hoplura, B. pro bos cidea and Boccardia pseudonatrix in South Afri ca [Simon 2015], P. uncinata and B. pseu do natrix [as B. knoxi, Sato-Okoshi et al 2008] in Australia and P. uncinata in Japan [Sato-Okoshi et al 2015]). …”

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…B. proboscidea start reproducing within about 1 mo of settling and live for approx. 1 yr, during which time they produce many successive broods, leading to almost constant recruitment on farmed abalone (Simon & Booth 2007; see also Sato-Okoshi et al 2015, for more examples). Thus, when hosts remain in culture for several years, exponential growth of the worm population can be expected if conditions re main the same or effective remedial measures are not taken.…”

Section: Host and Culture Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neglect would be further exacerbated by the many taxonomic problems associated with polydorids (Sato-Okoshi et al 2015). However, the failure to identify species means that their spread beyond their natural distribution ranges is often only noticed after they have become established and are then almost impossible to eradicate (Bailey-Brock 1990).…”

Section: Movement Of Pests With Molluscs In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Simon¹,

Sato-Okoshi²

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Species of the Polydora-complex (i.e. polydorids) are the most common shell-boring polychaetes found on cultured molluscs. However, which species become problematic depend on their ability to reach mollusc farms and flourish under culture conditions. We therefore hypothesise that the planktonic larval phases of pest polydorids on molluscs grown on-shore will be short (as is typical of adelphophagic larvae, which can maintain large local populations) while those of polydorids on molluscs grown off-shore will be long (as is typical of planktotrophic larvae, which can disperse long distances to farms). Principal component and discriminant analyses of information extracted from the literature partly supported this hypothesis by identifying larval developmental mode and pest species as contributing more to pest status than host species and culture mode, with differential influence on pest status in different situations and potential bias through incorrect identification of polydorid species. χ 2 analyses confirmed that pest status depended on host culture method and pest larval mode. Pest polydorids producing adelphophagic larvae in on-shore systems may reflect the development of large local populations on hosts with culture periods > 2 yr. The many records of pests in off-shore and near-shore systems with pest species producing planktotrophic larvae may reflect shorter host culture periods and the higher incidence of planktotrophy among polydorid species in general. Polydora websteri, P. uncinata, P. hoplura and P. haswelli are the most frequently recorded and widespread pest species globally, although the taxonomy of these and shell-boring P. ciliata and Boccardia polybranchia need to be clarified. The positive relationships between the numbers of alien shell-borers and pests, and the number of hosts cultured per country confirm that mollusc aquaculture is an important vector and reservoir of alien pest polychaetes.

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Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Host and Culture Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Movement Of Pests With Molluscs In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Simon¹,

Sato-Okoshi²

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…It is noteworthy that Boccardia pseudonatrix (Fig. 7) was recorded for the first time from Japan with clear locality information (see Sato-Okoshi et al 2015, as extracted from oyster Crassostrea gigas). This species is considered to be a potential alien species because the species has, until now, only been recorded from localities distant from Japan: South Africa (Day 1967;Simon et al 2010) and Australia (Blake and Kudenov 1978;Sato-Okoshi et al 2008, as B. knoxi: see Sato-Okoshi et al 2015Walker 2013), despite they have relatively low natural dispersal ability due to adelphophagic development without long planktonic larval phase (Simon 2015).…”

Section: Novel Species Records and Potential Alien Species In Vicinitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) around Tokyo Bay

et al. 2019

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An investigation of the distribution and habitat utilization of spionid polychaetes in Tokyo Bay revealed eight shellboring and 18 non-boring (interstitial, epifaunal, and infaunal) species, of these 11 species were recorded in the area for the first time. Most of the boring and interstitial species, which are associated with mollusc shells, were mainly distributed in exposed environments favoured by their host species outside Tokyo Bay. Only two boring species, Polydora websteri and Polydora haswelli preferred the enclosed waters of Tokyo Bay. Epifaunal and infaunal species were mainly distributed in the sandy and/or muddy sediment within Tokyo Bay. A widespread or localized distribution pattern within species was observed corresponding to the larval developmental mode. We concluded that habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes around Tokyo Bay. Novel habitats for Boccardiella hamata, Boccardia proboscidea, Carazziella spongilla, and Polydora cornuta were recorded. Boccardia pseudonatrix, which was recorded for the first time from Japan with clear locality information, is considered to be a potential alien species.

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“…the so-called polydorid spionid annelids, are well known for inhabiting burrows excavated in mollusc shells or mud tubes in crevices on the surfaces of the shells (Blake, 1996; Sato-Okoshi, 1999, 2000; Simon & Sato-Okoshi, 2015). Among the species which utilize commercially important mollusc shells as a habitat, many are increasingly regarded as harmful invaders from the perspective of aquaculture as they often reduce the commercial value of the molluscs by damaging their shells, decreasing their growth rate and meat yield, and causing heavy mortality (Mori et al , 1985; Okoshi & Sato-Okoshi, 1996; Sato-Okoshi & Takatsuka, 2001; Lleonart et al ., 2003; Simon et al , 2006; Sato-Okoshi & Abe, 2012; Sato-Okoshi et al , 2015). These species have therefore become targets for monitoring and tracking in aquaculture towards reducing infestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

And then there was one:Polydora uncinataandPolydora hoplura(Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species

et al. 2016

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It is necessary to monitor shell-associated polydorid worms owing to the risk that they pose to commercially important molluscs. This requires accurate identification, but is often hampered by morphological similarities among species, insufficient type specimens, and abridged species descriptions. Thus morphological characteristics and molecular sequences of the most harmful polydorid species, Polydora uncinata from Japan and Australia and Polydora hoplura from South Africa were compared to determine whether they represent two morphologically similar, but genetically distinct species, or a single species. A wide range of morphological variation (with respect to size, length of caruncle and pigmentation patterns) was observed in each species and population, and their variations largely overlapped and revealed them to be at the intraspecific level of a single species. This was confirmed by gene sequences of nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA that were completely identical for P. uncinata and P. hoplura. The mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cyt b gene analyses also showed no genetic differences between these two species. The tree topology of the mitochondrial cyt b gene did not reflect geographic differences but instead suggests artificial transportation of the species. We recommend the synonymization of P. uncinata with P. hoplura.

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Harmful Shell Borers, Polydora Species (Polychaeta: Spionidae), from Commercially Important Mollusk Shells in East Asia and Australia

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) around Tokyo Bay

And then there was one:Polydora uncinataandPolydora hoplura(Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species

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