Harmful Effects of Parthenium hysterophorus and Management Through Different Approaches”- A review

Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorus is commonly known as congress grass or carrot weed in India. It belongs to Asteraceae family and native to subtropics of North and South America. It is an invasive plant species that disturbs cultivated areas, roadside vegetation, gardens etc. P. hysterophorus is considered as one of the worst weeds responsible for causing health problems in animals and humans viz., dermatitis, asthma and bronchitis besides loss to agriculture and ecosystem. Nowadays, it has become one of the major weeds in almost all types of agricultural lands and other areas. Many control methods ranging from preventive, physical methods by manual uprooting, burning and allelopathic management through competitive plants like Cassia tora, Cassia uniflora and Cassia sericea, have been recommended for management of P. hysterophorus. Likewise, insect Zygogramma bicolorata has proven successful in managing P. hysterophorus. Further, microorganisms like Alternaria alternata, Scerotiia sclerotiorum, Fusarium Pallidoroseum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomanas campestris are reported to infest P. hysterophorus. Use of chemical herbicides mainly glyphosate @ 2.5 kg a.i. ha -1 , atrazine @ 2.6 kg a.i.ha -1 , 2,4-D amine @ 3 l/ ha -1 , Paraquat 0.5 l/ ha -1 were proved effective in managing P. hysterophorus. No single option is suitable to control this invasive weed. Successful control of this weed can only be achieved by an integrated weed management approaches.

Constructing indicator species distribution models to study the potential invasion risk of invasive plants: A case of the invasion of Parthenium hysterophorus in China

“…or compensate for missing records due to human surveys. In contrast, prediction bias exists for areas that have been successfully invaded, as P. hysterophorus is highly susceptible to becoming dominant native species (Ramesh et al., 2017 ). However, the EM predictions obtained from the training of the currently recorded data can better simulate the areas that have been successfully invaded.…”

Carrot-Weed: A Noxious Plant That Threatens Biodiversity in Africa

“…In addition, exposure to carrot weed has shown positive reactions to mAb-2 as well as cytokines [58]. In general, these effects are classified into four categories: airborne contact dermatitis (ABCD), chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) and the combination of ABCD and CAD and lastly exposure to the sun (photosensitive lichenoid) [57]. Therefore there is a need of more research to know exactly the compounds present in the pollen of this weed which is responsible for the health problems to a human being to make easy management with precaution during physical control practice.…”

“…Human contact with carrot-weed followed with exposure to sun results to health effects such as violaceous papulae, as well as a plaque on exposed parts such ears, forehead, cheek and upper chest. Nevertheless, health effects like hyperkeratotic papule and prurigo nodules have been associated with exposure to carrot-weed[57]. On other hands,[58] further showed that dermatitis health effects are due to the presence of a cytotoxic compound sesquiterpene lactone Parthenin.…”