Harm reduction and rights-based approaches to reduce monkeypox transmission among sex workers

Strathdee, Steffanie A.; Crago, Anna-Louise; Shannon, Kate

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00661-2

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Sex work often involves long-lasting and extensive face-to-face, skin-to-skin, mucosa-to-mucosa (e.g., oral, genital, or anal) contact with their clients. Objects that have come into contact with a lesion such as towels, bedding or clothing can serve as fomites [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox (Mpox) and Occupational Exposure

Szkiela

Wiszniewska

Lipińska‐Ojrzanowska

2023

IJERPH

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Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest in biological risk factors, which are increasingly perceived as an important problem in occupational medicine. Exposure to harmful biological agents may be associated with the deliberate use of microorganisms in the work process or with unintentional exposure resulting from the presence of biological risk factors in the work environment. Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infectious disease that may afflict humans and non-human primates. Since May 2022, mpox has occurred in Europe, North and South America, Asia, Australia and Africa, with some 76,713 cases (75,822 in locations that have not historically reported mpox) and 29 total deaths reported to date. Between 2018 and 2021, several cases of mpox were reported worldwide in high-income countries (Israel, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States: Texas and Maryland). We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar web databases for occupational exposure to mpox. The highest work-related risk for mpox transmission has been noted among healthcare professionals, people working with animals, and sex workers. There is general agreement that a paramount issue to avoid transmission of infection in occupational settings is an appropriate decontamination of often-touched surfaces and usage of appropriate personal protective equipment by the workers at high risk of infection. The group that should especially protect themselves and be educated in the field of early symptoms of the disease and prevention are dentists, who are often the first to detect the symptoms of the disease on the oral mucosa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox (Mpox) and Occupational Exposure

Szkiela

Wiszniewska

Lipińska‐Ojrzanowska

2023

IJERPH

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“…55,78,97 Biogeografische Grenzen zwischen dem zentralafrikanischen Kongobecken und Westafrika könnten die Segregation und Co-Evolution verschiedener phylogenetischer Clades beeinflusst haben: 96 Clade I (Zentralafrika) und II (Westafrika) mit den Subclades IIa und IIb (Stand 2023) (Abbildung 8). 98 Unsere phylogenetische Analyse, die auf öffentlich zugänglichen Genomsequenzen von MPXV aus 40 29,99 Im entsprechenden epidemiologischen Kontext wird die MPXV/hMPXV-Infektion als STI betrachtet. 29,100,101 Als weitere Übertragungswege sind die Transmission über kurze Distanzen durch die Luft, die vertikale Übertragung von Mutter zu Kind, Nadelstichverletzungen oder indirekter Kontakt mit infizierten Partikeln beschrieben.…”

Section: Erreger Und Transmissionunclassified

“…Zunächst sollten die Patienten nach der Abfolge der Symptome einschließlich Prodromi, der Reiseanamnese und dem Besuch von Festen, dem Sexualverhalten (zum Beispiel GBMSM, nicht-exklusive Partnerschaft, Kondomgebrauch), dem Beruf (zum Beispiel Sexarbeiter, Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen, Zoowärter), Risikokontakten, Tierkontakt, Grunderkrankungen (insbesondere Immundefizienz) und dem Impfstatus befragt werden. 99,115,125 In der Versorgung sollte stets das Risiko von Stigmatisierung, Diskriminierung und zunehmender Homophobie berücksichtigt werden. 126 Um Mpox-Diagnosen zu standardisieren, haben Gesundheitsbehörden einheitliche Falldefinitionen erarbeitet (Tabelle 3).…”

Section: Diagnoseunclassified

Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie

Obermeier,

Buder,

Hillen

2024

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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ZusammenfassungDie Familie Poxviridae umfasst derzeit 22 Gattungen, die Wirbeltiere infizieren können. Humanpathogene Pockenviren gehören den Gattungen Ortho‐, Para‐, Mollusci‐ und Yatapoxvirus an. Bis zur Eradikation der Variola vera im Jahr 1979 waren die Pocken, im Volksmund auch Blattern genannt, eine schwerwiegende Gesundheitsbedrohung für die Bevölkerung. Noch heute sind Dermatologen mit zahlreichen Pockenvirusinfektionen konfrontiert, wie den Bauernhofpocken, die als Zoonosen nach Tierkontakten in ländlichen Gebieten oder nach Massenversammlungen auftreten können. In den Tropen können Erkrankungen durch Tanapox‐ oder Vaccinia‐Viren zu den Differenzialdiagnosen gehören. Dellwarzen sind weltweit verbreitet und werden in bestimmten Fällen als sexuell übertragbare Pockenvirusinfektion angesehen. In jüngster Zeit hatten sich Mpox (Affenpocken) zu einer gesundheitlichen Notlage von internationaler Tragweite entwickelt, die eine rasche Identifizierung und angemessene Behandlung durch Dermatologen und Infektiologen erfordert. Fortschritte und neue Erkenntnisse über Epidemiologie, Diagnose, klinische Manifestationen und Komplikationen sowie Behandlung und Prävention von Pockenvirusinfektionen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Fachwissen und interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Virologie, Infektiologie und Dermatologie. Dieser CME‐Artikel bietet einen aktualisierten systematischen Überblick, um praktizierende Dermatologen bei der Identifizierung, Differenzialdiagnose und Behandlung klinisch relevanter Pockenvirusinfektionen zu unterstützen.

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“…During the 2022/2023 mpox outbreak, human-to-human transmission has been considered a characteristic feature, mainly involving close, intimate, and sexual contact between men who have sex with men (MSM/GBMSM). 29,99 In the recent epidemiological context, MPXV/hMPXV infection is considered an STI.…”

Section: Pathogen and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), risk contacts, animal contact, underlying medical conditions (especially immunocompromising conditions), and vaccination status. 99,115,125 Health care experts should always account for the risk of stigma, discrimination, and increasing homophobia. 126 To standardize mpox diagnoses, consensus case definitions have been endorsed by public health authorities, including the US and European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Table 3).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Poxvirus infections in dermatology – the neglected, the notable, and the notorious

Obermeier,

Buder,

Hillen

2023

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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SummaryThe family Poxviridae currently comprises 22 genera that infect vertebrates. Of these, members of the Ortho‐, Para‐, Mollusci‐ and Yatapoxvirus genera have been associated with human diseases of high clinical relevance in dermatology. Historically, smallpox had been a notorious health threat until it was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1979. Today, dermatologists are confronted with a variety of poxviral infections, such as farmyard pox, which occurs as a zoonotic infection after contact with animals. In the tropics, tanapox or vaccinia may be in the differential diagnosis as neglected tropical dermatoses. Molluscum contagiosum virus infection accounts for significant disease burden worldwide and is classified as a sexually transmitted infection in certain scenarios. Recently, mpox (monkeypox) has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern, requiring rapid recognition and appropriate management by dermatologists and infectious disease specialists. Advances and new insights into the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and complications, treatment, and prevention of poxviral infections require a high level of expertise and interdisciplinary skills from healthcare professionals linking virology, infectious diseases, and dermatology. This CME article provides a systematic overview and update to assist the practicing dermatologist in the identification, differential diagnosis, and management of poxviral infections.

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Harm reduction and rights-based approaches to reduce monkeypox transmission among sex workers

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Monkeypox (Mpox) and Occupational Exposure

Monkeypox (Mpox) and Occupational Exposure

Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie

Poxvirus infections in dermatology – the neglected, the notable, and the notorious

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