Harm avoidance and self-directedness as essential features of panic disorder patients

Wachleski, Cláudia; Salum, Giovanni Abrahão; Blaya, Carolina; Kipper, Letícia; Paludo, Angela Paula; Salgado, Ana Paula; Manfro, Gisele Gus

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.03.003

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…From the evolutionary point of view, high HA is advantageous in the face of danger, because it leads to greater care and caution. On the other hand, when danger is unlikely, excessive pessimism and worry are thought to predispose to affective disorders (Cloninger et al 1994(Cloninger et al , 2006 and this has been demonstrated in a large body of studies (Farmer et al 2003 ;Cloninger et al 2006 ;de Winter et al 2007 ;Wachleski et al 2008 ;Minaya & Fresán, 2009). The robust associations between HA and anxiety disorders, affective disorders as well as other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia are summarized in a recent meta-analysis (Miettunen & Raevuori, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially low ' self-directedness ' seems to be involved in different forms of psychopathology such as personality disorders Gutierrez et al 2002), depression (Smith et al 2005 ;Cloninger et al 2006 ;Minaya & Fresán, 2009) and anxiety-related disorders (Wachleski et al 2008). Considering the associations between personality traits and psychopathology, a greater understanding of their biology might also increase the understanding of the aetiology of emotional disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort

et al. 2012

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Tuominen, L.; Salo, J.; Hirvonen, J.; Någren, K.; Laine, P.; Melartin, T.; Isometsä, E.; Viikari, J.; Cloninger, C. R.; Raitakari, O.; Hietala, J.; and Keltikangas-Järvinen, L., ,"Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: A positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort." Psychological Medicine. 43,4. 881-894. (2012 Background. The psychobiological model of personality by Cloninger and colleagues originally hypothesized that interindividual variability in the temperament dimension ' harm avoidance ' (HA) is explained by differences in the activity of the brain serotonin system. We assessed brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) density in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy individuals with high or low HA scores using an ' oversampling ' study design.Method. Subjects consistently in either upper or lower quartiles for the HA trait were selected from a populationbased cohort in Finland (n=2075) with pre-existing Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores. A total of 22 subjects free of psychiatric and somatic disorders were included in the matched high-and low-HA groups. The main outcome measure was regional 5-HTT binding potential (BP ND ) in high-and low-HA groups estimated with PET and [ 11 C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine ([ 11 C]MADAM). In secondary analyses, 5-HTT BP ND was correlated with other TCI dimensions.Results. 5-HTT BP ND did not differ between high-and low-HA groups in the midbrain or any other brain region. This result remained the same even after adjusting for other relevant TCI dimensions. Higher 5-HTT BP ND in the raphe nucleus predicted higher scores in ' self-directedness '.Conclusions. This study does not support an association between the temperament dimension HA and serotonin transporter density in healthy subjects. However, we found a link between high serotonin transporter density and high ' self-directedness ' (ability to adapt and control one's behaviour to fit situations in accord with chosen goals and values). We suggest that biological factors are more important in explaining variability in character than previously thought.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort

et al. 2012

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“…Adults with PD have peculiar temperament and character profiles, as defined by Cloninger’s theory of personality, showing higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness than healthy controls [3,4], and cross-sectional studies reported an association between harm avoidance and anxiety symptoms or full-blown anxiety disorders [5,6]. Despite the evidence for a connection between PD, temperament and character, the meaning of this association remains unclear and these features could represent either vulnerability factors for or consequences of PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament, Character and Anxiety Sensitivity in Panic Disorder: A High-Risk Study

Perna¹,

Pasquale

Grassi³

et al. 2012

Psychopathology

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Background: Adult patients with panic disorder (PD) show high levels of harm avoidance and anxiety sensitivity. Peculiar temperament profiles and high anxiety sensitivity have been proposed as developmental risk factors for PD in adult age. Since familial-genetic influences play a role both in PD and in anxiety sensitivity and temperament profiles, this study aims to investigate the possible association between family history of PD and peculiar temperament-character profiles or high anxiety sensitivity in offspring of patients with PD. Sampling and Methods: Thirty-four children of patients with PD with/without agoraphobia and 30 children of healthy subjects were compared. Temperament and character dimensions and anxiety sensitivity levels of children were obtained by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Results: Children of patients with PD and children of healthy subjects differed neither in temperament and character dimensions nor in anxiety sensitivity levels. Conclusions: Our results show that family history of PD is not associated with peculiar temperament and character profiles or high anxiety sensitivity in children, suggesting that these factors may not be early expressions of familial vulnerability to PD. Since the sample is small and the study has a cross-sectional design, longitudinal studies in larger samples are warranted to confirm these findings and to clarify the role of anxiety sensitivity and temperament-character dimensions in the development of PD.

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“…Ancak yük-sek zarardan kaçınma ve düşük kendini yönetme puanları depresyona özgü değildir. Panik bozukluk (34) Cloninger ve arkadaşları da kendini yönetme ve işbirliği yapma skorlarındaki düşük puanların kişilik bozukluğu-nun gelişimini öngörebileceğini bildirmiştir (9). Böylece bu kişilik özelliklerinin depresyon için bir belirteç olduğunu söylemek zor olsa da, depresyon gelişimi için bir etken olduğu düşünülebilir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

İlk Epizod Major Depresyon Hastalarında Mizaç ve Karakter Özelliklerinin Tedavi Öncesi ve Sonrası Karşılaştırılması

Karaaslan

Bağcıoğlu

Bahçeci

et al. 2010

Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychophar

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Harm avoidance and self-directedness as essential features of panic disorder patients

Cited by 61 publications

References 27 publications

Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort

Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort

Temperament, Character and Anxiety Sensitivity in Panic Disorder: A High-Risk Study

İlk Epizod Major Depresyon Hastalarında Mizaç ve Karakter Özelliklerinin Tedavi Öncesi ve Sonrası Karşılaştırılması

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