2007
DOI: 10.1080/10826080601141990
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Harm and Risk Reduction: History, Theories, Issues, and Implications

Abstract: Harm reduction is explored, historically, in terms of ideologies, concepts, processes, types, stakeholders, legal, policy, service delivery, and ethical considerations and their micro and macro consequences. Necessary critical conditions underpinning ideologies and programs throughout their life cycle are examined, as are selected unresolved issues and paradoxes. Importantly, harm reduction can inadvertently result in distancing drug users (DUs) from mainstream ("normed") care by institutionalizing specialized… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…In this way, Mountainview is symbiotically aligned with, but not reducible to, wider political and economic imperatives to control the location and movement of 'street drinkers' in the city (Johnsen and Fitzpatrick 2010). As a power-ridden 'geographical event,' Mountainview thus exemplifies the contradictory ways by which harm reduction spaces can mediate patterns of inclusion in the city (Einstein 2007).…”
Section: Supportive Measures Enabling Restraint 195mentioning
confidence: 94%
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“…In this way, Mountainview is symbiotically aligned with, but not reducible to, wider political and economic imperatives to control the location and movement of 'street drinkers' in the city (Johnsen and Fitzpatrick 2010). As a power-ridden 'geographical event,' Mountainview thus exemplifies the contradictory ways by which harm reduction spaces can mediate patterns of inclusion in the city (Einstein 2007).…”
Section: Supportive Measures Enabling Restraint 195mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…In fact, the 'medical model' has long been the prevailing logic organizing institutional responses to homelessness in cities across North America (LyonCallo 2004). What makes Mountainview novel is that both medical care and housing are organized within a 'harm reduction' model (Einstein 2007), a key component of which is a 'managed alcohol' program (see Podymow et al 2006) that administers alcoholic drinks to residents at hourly intervals over the course Social & Cultural Geography, Vol. 13, No.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Questionados são também os propósitos de erradicação das drogas e promoção da abstinência subjacentes às políticas repressivas, por serem considerados pouco realistas (Einstein, 2007;Farr, 1990;Fernandes, 2009;Pallarés, 1996;Romaní, 2008;Rovira & Hidalgo, 2003;Shukla & Kelley, 2007;Szasz, 1992). Nesta lógica, alguns autores advogam que não é necessário punir, criminalizar, estigmatizar e tentar acabar com os consumos (Farr, 1990;Maia Costa, 2001;Romaní, 2008;Shukla & Kelley, 2007;Szasz, 1992) e apresentam como alternativa manter apenas, ao nível legislativo, estratégias dissuasoras não punitivas, como a difusão de informação sobre os seus danos, à semelhança do que já ocorre com o tabaco (Maia Costa, 2001).…”
Section: Limitações Da Abordagem Proibicionistaunclassified
“…Considera-se, portanto, que recorrer ao grupo de consumidores ou à subcultura das drogas pode ser um meio de promover o controlo social informal, ao educar sobre os consumos (Young, 1971). Do mesmo modo, aponta-se para a importância de estimular a autorresponsabilização pelos consumos e o empoderamento dos consumidores, de modo a fomentar o seu autocontrolo (Cohen, 1999;Einstein, 2007;Fernandes, 2009;Matos & Simões, 2008;Rovira & Hidalgo, 2003;Szasz, 1992;Walters, 2000;Whiteacre & Pepinsky, 2002).…”
Section: Importância Das Formas De Controlo Social Alternativas àS Founclassified
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