Hares (Lepusspp.) as seed dispersers ofRetama raetam(Fabaceae) in a sandy landscape

Izhaki, Ido; Ne’eman, Gidi

doi:10.1006/jare.1997.0273

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Only hare seemed to increase the germination percentage of P. flexuosa seeds with endocarps. Previous studies did not find any effect of hare gut passage on germination (Izhaki and Ne'eman, 1997), although the lack of effects may be due to the comparisons having been made between seeds from hare faeces and manually scarified seeds. However, in the Monte desert (Ñ acuñ án Reserve, Mendoza Province), medium-sized rodents, such as mara, disperse P. flexuosa seeds with endocarps and enhance their germination capacity (Campos and Ojeda, 1997).…”

Section: Mortality Germination Percentage and Speedmentioning

confidence: 84%

Endozoochory by native and exotic herbivores in dry areas: consequences for germination and survival ofProsopisseeds

et al. 2008

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Mammalian herbivores can play a role in the endozoochorous dispersal of Prosopis seeds in the arid zones of Argentina, and the introduction of exotic mammals can change relevant parameters of the plant's reproductive ecology. Our specific goals were to quantify the seeds of Prosopis flexuosa, P. chilensis and P. torquata contained in the faeces of native [mara (Dolichotis patagonum), guanaco (Lama guanicoe)] and exotic [donkey (Equus asinus) and hare (Lepus europaeus)] mammals, and to determine the mortality, germination percentage and germination speed of seeds borne in faeces, compared with those collected from trees. In 2006, seeds were collected directly from trees or removed from mammal faeces. Seeds were counted and classified as apparently healthy or damaged. P. torquata and P. flexuosa seeds were found in the dung of guanaco, hare and mara, whereas only P. flexuosa seeds appeared in donkey faeces. P. chilensis seeds were only found in guanaco faeces. There was a notable relative abundance of seeds contained in small herbivore faeces in comparison to the large herbivores. The passage through the digestive tract of animals modified seed germination capacity and speed, with great variability between animal species. Guanacos had greater effects than donkeys on mortality, germination percentage and germination speed. Differences between the effects of both smaller-sized herbivores on seeds were much smaller.

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Section: Mortality Germination Percentage and Speedmentioning

confidence: 84%

Endozoochory by native and exotic herbivores in dry areas: consequences for germination and survival ofProsopisseeds

et al. 2008

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“…The plant flowers from April to May. It is used for traditional treatment of some renal diseases and for treatment of hypertension (Caceres et al 1987;Archer and Pyke 1991;Izhaki and Neeman 1997;Kassem et al 2000;Burits and Bucar 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb flowers growing in Tunisia

Edziri¹,

Mastouri

Ammar

et al. 2008

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of flower extracts of Retama raetam Forssk. Webb (Fabaceae) were screened both from standard and isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by solid medium technique. Oxacillin, Amoxicillin, Ticarcillin, Cefotaxim, and Amphotericin were used as the control agents. The antiviral activity was evaluated against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD-169 (ATCC Ref. VR 538) and coxsackie B virus type 3 (CoxB-3) using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using two tests: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging and the ammonium thiocyanate methods. All extracts were characterized quantitatively for the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Of the extracts tested, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed important antibacterial activity against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria but only moderate antifungal activity. Methanol extract exhibited moderate antiviral activity against HCMV with IC 50 of 250 lg/ml. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol fractions were found to cause significant free-radical-scavenging effects in both assays. These results may suggest that R. raetam flowers could be used as a natural preservative ingredient in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

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“…However, hare is an important species for hunting economy (Sokos et al 2003) and has fundamental roles in natural processes such as seed dispersal (Izhaki and Ne'eman 1997) and being prey for threatened predator species (DelibesMateos et al 2009). Information on hare diet would assist evaluations on the suitability of different ecotopes for hare and to design appropriate habitat improvement actions and agri-environmental measures (Sokos et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet adaptability by a generalist herbivore: the case of brown hare in a Mediterranean agroecosystem

2015

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Background: Brown hares (Lepus europaeus) were collected before and after autumn rains from a mixed farmland and scrubland area. The age and sex of each specimen were determined, and microhistological technique was applied to analyze the stomach contents. Results: Hares consumed a higher number of plant species in comparison with other studies in continental European farmlands. A different pattern in diet of hare was found, where from a partial herbivory, frugivory, and granivory during the dry period, hares turn to primarily herbivory during the wet period. An expansion of diet breadth and an increase in food consumption was found in the dry season. Farming contributes to the enrichment of diet especially during the dry season. Diet composition was differed between ages, but no significant difference was found between the two sexes.

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Hares (Lepusspp.) as seed dispersers ofRetama raetam(Fabaceae) in a sandy landscape

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Endozoochory by native and exotic herbivores in dry areas: consequences for germination and survival ofProsopisseeds

Endozoochory by native and exotic herbivores in dry areas: consequences for germination and survival ofProsopisseeds

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb flowers growing in Tunisia

Diet adaptability by a generalist herbivore: the case of brown hare in a Mediterranean agroecosystem

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