Hardware/software cooperative caching for hybrid DRAM/NVM memory architectures

Liu, Haikun; Chen, Yujie; Liao, Xiaofei; Jin, Hai; He, Bingsheng; Guo, Rentong

doi:10.1145/3079079.3079089

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…PCM is chosen as the storage medium of main memory as it is a widely studied NVM. Timing and energy parameters of PCM are referred to papers [7], [41]. We also model the latencies of clflush, TLB shootdown, and data move in details according to the timing parameters of CPU and DRAM/NVM.…”

Section: A Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare Rainbow with several alternative page migration policies for hybrid memories as follows. (1) Flat-static: 4 GB DRAM and 32 GB NVM are organized in a flat address space [7], and are managed in 4 KB small pages. Data is evenly distributed in DRAM and NVM according to the ratio of DRAM to NVM capacity (1:8).…”

Section: A Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, for the write operations, NVM is about 5-10x slower than DRAM, and consumes up to 10x more energy than DRAM [29]. As a result, page migration is widely utilized to improve performance and energy efficiency in hybrid memory systems [4]- [7], [19]. However, the use of superpages in hybrid memory systems precludes lightweight page migrations because a superpage is required to be contiguous and aligned in both physical and virtual address spaces.…”

Section: B Memory Access Analytics Of Superpagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the promising features of NVM, it is not exactly a direct substitute for DRAM. Thus, it is more practical to use NVM in conjunction with DRAM in hybrid memory systems [3]- [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, hybrid DRAM/NVM memory systems often rely on page migrations to achieve higher performance [4]- [7] and energy efficiency [6], [7], [19], [20]. This in turn requires lightweight page migration schemes to move the frequently-accessed (hot) pages from the slow NVM to the fast DRAM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Supporting Superpages and Lightweight Page Migration in Hybrid Memory Systems

Wang

Liu

Liao

et al. 2019

ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.

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Superpages have long been used to mitigate address translation overhead in big memory systems. However, superpages often preclude lightweight page migration, which is crucial for performance and energy efficiency in hybrid memory systems composed of DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM). In this paper, we propose a novel memory management mechanism called Rainbow to bridge this fundamental conflict between superpages and lightweight page migration. Rainbow manages NVM at the superpage granularity, and uses DRAM to cache frequently-accessed (hot) small pages in each superpage. Correspondingly, Rainbow utilizes split TLBs to support different page sizes. By introducing an efficient hot page identification mechanism and a novel NVM-to-DRAM address remapping mechanism, Rainbow supports lightweight page migration while without splintering superpages. Experimental results show that Rainbow can significantly reduce applications' TLB misses by 99.8%, and improve application performance (IPC) by up to 2.9X (43.0% on average) when compared to a state-of-the-art memory migration policy without superpage support.

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Section: A Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Memory Access Analytics Of Superpagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the promising features of NVM, it is not exactly a direct substitute for DRAM. Thus, it is more practical to use NVM in conjunction with DRAM in hybrid memory systems [3]- [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%