“…This is suitable for the pre-training of the FLC in order to find maximal possible deceleration values for simulation. Data collection can be done through the model running at different road surfaces in an intensive braking mode (imitation of ABS) [17]. In the second case, the control parameter is the torque gradient, which does not depend on the driver's demand.…”
Section: Model Of the Braking Vehiclementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The torque allocation block (TA) algorithmically distributes T * from the FPID output between the front and rear wheels in a fixed ratio [41] and allocates it between FB (TF * ) and EB (TE * ) taking into account the real-time state of charge, voltage, and permissible EB current IE [17]. The TF * signal adjusts the FB pressure, while the TE * signal manages regeneration.…”
Section: Control System Design and Operationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some antilock braking system (ABS) applications demonstrate enhanced performance of high order linear, non-linear, and dead timing systems upon the fuzzy control. Despite lacking a design theory, different offline techniques have been developed by now for deciding the nonlinear transfer elements of the urgently braking cars with the help of FLC [16], [17].…”
The paper concentrates on intelligent control of electric vehicles operated in different braking regimes, from gradual downhill motion to intensive antilock braking. A model of a versatile fuzzy PID torque controller is designed and assessed in MATLAB/Simulink™. The system successfully follows the driver's demands in such changing environmental obstacles as tire-road friction, road inclination, wind velocity, etc. The best energy recovery is ensured in all braking modes. Simulation results, compared to experimental curves obtained from the hardware-in-the-loop test rig, demonstrate consistently high braking quality and potentiality of the proposed technique.
“…This is suitable for the pre-training of the FLC in order to find maximal possible deceleration values for simulation. Data collection can be done through the model running at different road surfaces in an intensive braking mode (imitation of ABS) [17]. In the second case, the control parameter is the torque gradient, which does not depend on the driver's demand.…”
Section: Model Of the Braking Vehiclementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The torque allocation block (TA) algorithmically distributes T * from the FPID output between the front and rear wheels in a fixed ratio [41] and allocates it between FB (TF * ) and EB (TE * ) taking into account the real-time state of charge, voltage, and permissible EB current IE [17]. The TF * signal adjusts the FB pressure, while the TE * signal manages regeneration.…”
Section: Control System Design and Operationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some antilock braking system (ABS) applications demonstrate enhanced performance of high order linear, non-linear, and dead timing systems upon the fuzzy control. Despite lacking a design theory, different offline techniques have been developed by now for deciding the nonlinear transfer elements of the urgently braking cars with the help of FLC [16], [17].…”
The paper concentrates on intelligent control of electric vehicles operated in different braking regimes, from gradual downhill motion to intensive antilock braking. A model of a versatile fuzzy PID torque controller is designed and assessed in MATLAB/Simulink™. The system successfully follows the driver's demands in such changing environmental obstacles as tire-road friction, road inclination, wind velocity, etc. The best energy recovery is ensured in all braking modes. Simulation results, compared to experimental curves obtained from the hardware-in-the-loop test rig, demonstrate consistently high braking quality and potentiality of the proposed technique.
“…Šabanovič et al [27] contributed to the development of the new efficient engineering solution aimed at improving vehicle dynamics control via the antilock braking system (ABS) by estimating friction coefficient using video data. To verify functionality of an intelligent open loop fuzzy-logic-based anti-lock braking system the control method for four on-board motor drive electric sport utility vehicle a hardware-in-the-loop experiment conducted by Aksjonov et al [28]. Zhang et al [29] presented a novel nonlinear robust wheel slip rate tracking control strategy for autonomous vehicle with actuator dynamics.…”
In this study, the vehicle's dynamic behavior during braking and steering input is investigated by considering the quarter-car model. The case study for this research is a Sport-Utility Vehicle (SUV) with the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and nonlinear dynamic equations are considered for it along with Pacejka tire model. Regulating the wheel slip ratio in the optimal value for different conditions of the road surface (dry, wet and icy) during braking is considered as the ABS control strategy. In order to regulating the wheel slip ratio in the optimal value, an intelligent adaptive fuzzy controller that can perform online parameter estimation is considered. In this regard, the proposed controller tracks the optimal wheel slip ratio with changing the condition of the road surface from dry to wet and icy. The adaptive fuzzy controller consists of linguistic base, inference engine and defuzzifier section. The wheel slip ratio and vehicle longitudinal acceleration are selected as inputs of the controller, controller adapter and detector of the road surface condition. During braking and steering input, effective parameters of the wheel that are affected on the vehicle's dynamic behavior and its stability are investigated.
“…Sridhar et al 15 developed a sliding mode control–based anti-lock braking algorithm for heavy vehicles and evaluated the same in a HiL setup consisting of brake hardware from a 4 × 2 HCRV, interfaced with IPG TruckMaker. Other studies that used HiL experiments to develop and test WSR algorithms include Moaveni and Barkhordari, 16 Tavernini et al 17 and Aksjonov et al 18…”
Wheel lock in a vehicle during braking is detrimental to its safety, in addition to causing poor braking performance. Wheel slip regulation algorithms could potentially prevent wheel lock and are hence required to be tested and tuned thoroughly prior to in-vehicle deployment. Generally, software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop tests are explored before on-road vehicle testing. A brake dynamometer can potentially be utilized for wheel slip regulation testing, and this can be placed in between hardware-in-the-loop tests and on-road vehicle testing. Prior to evaluation of wheel slip regulation on a brake dynamometer, it is imperative to realize a wheel lock scenario. This work proposes a methodical framework for emulating wheel lock in a brake dynamometer. In this study, the dynamic effects during braking, particularly load transfer, wheel slip and tyre–road interactions, are subsumed into a single variable termed ‘equivalent inertia’ to replicate a wheel lock event. The variations of this variable were captured through extensive tests on a hardware-in-the-loop platform that consists of a pneumatic brake setup interfaced with IPG TruckMaker® co-simulated with MATLAB/Simulink®, across varying load, road and braking conditions. Equivalent inertia profiles thus generated were then realized in the brake dynamometer, via mechanical discs and electrical inertia. Angular speed profiles from hardware-in-the-loop and dynamometer tests were compared to corroborate the framework. A close correlation between the profiles, highlighted by the root mean square deviation of the order of 100 rad/s, established the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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