Hardware-in-the-loop system numerical methods evaluation based on brush DC-motor model

Mudrov, Mikhail; Zyuzev, A. M.; Konstantin, Nesterov; Valtchev, Stanimir; Valtchev, Svilen S.

doi:10.1109/optim.2017.7975007

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Depending on the number of submodules connected on the upper arm or lower arm of a high-power converter, the voltage level of the MMC can be decided. If 'N' represents the number of submodules of an MMC in each arm then the voltage level of MMC would be N+1 (7). Each submodule is connected with a capacitor which has initial voltage based on the applied DC voltage and it is maintained at its nominal value.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Control Prototyping of Five-Level MMC based Induction Motor Drive with different Switching Frequencies

Madhav

Kumar

Krishna

et al. 2022

EMITTER Int'l J. of Engin. Technol.

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In this paper, Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) of five-level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based Induction Motor (IM) drive performance is observed with different switching frequencies. The Semikron based MMC Stacks with two half-bridge each are tested with the switching logic generated by phase and level shifted based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The switching logic is generated by the Typhoon Hardware in Loop (HIL) 402. The disadvantages of Multilevel Converter like not so good output quality, less modularity, not scalable and high voltage and current rating demand for the power semiconductor switches can be overcome by using MMC. In this work, the IM drive is fed by MMC and the experimentally the performance is observed. The performance of the Induction Motor in terms of speed is observed with different switching frequencies of 2.5kHz, 5kHz, 7.5kHz, 10kHz, 12.5kHz and the results are tabulated in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of input voltage and current to the Induction Motor Drive. The complete model is developed using Typhoon HIL 2021.2 Version Real-Time Simulation Software.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Control Prototyping of Five-Level MMC based Induction Motor Drive with different Switching Frequencies

Madhav

Kumar

Krishna

et al. 2022

EMITTER Int'l J. of Engin. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Depending on the number of submodules connected on the upper arm or lower arm of a high-power converter, the voltage level of the MMC can be decided. If 'n' represents the number of submodules in each arm (upper and lower arms) then the voltage level is given by (n+1) [5]. Each submodule is connected to a capacitor which has initial voltage based on the applied DC voltage and it is maintained at its nominal value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of 9, 11, 13, and 15 – Level Back-to-Back Connected Modular Multilevel Converters fed Doubly Fed Induction Machine

Venu Madhav,

Kumar T.

2023

EJECE

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In this paper, back-to-back Modular Multilevel Converters are used to feed the Doubly Fed Induction Machine. The MMC with 9, 11, 13, and 15 – Level output voltages are generated and fed to the DFIM and the performance of the DFIM is analyzed, when the machine is working as Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and when the machine is working as Doubly Fed Induction Motor. The performance of the DFIG is analyzed in terms of power factor at Grid Side Converter (GSC) for different levels of operation of MMC. The results show that the power factor is maintained near to unity power factor at grid side. The performance of the Doubly Fed Induction Motor is analyzed in terms of variation of the load torque being applied to motor. The results show that there is clear variation of the speed for two different load conditions. The work is carried out by using Typhoon HIL Real-Time Simulation platform, i.e., both Software and Hardware.

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“…Most real-time HIL systems use linear numerical methods, such as first-order forward Euler, because of their simplicity [15,16]. However, some proposals introduce higherorder methods such as the second-order Adams-Bashforth [17][18][19] or Runge-Kutta methods [20,21]. If a model is to be integrated into a commercial system with a simulation step of around 1 µs, the Euler method could be impractical for some applications, so more accurate methods are usually utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Deadtime Events in Power Converters with Half-Bridge Modules for a Highly Accurate Hardware-in-the-Loop Fixed Point Implementation in FPGA

2021

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Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations of power converters must achieve a truthful representation in real time with simulation steps on the order of microseconds or tens of nanoseconds. The numerical solution for the differential equations that model the state of the converter can be calculated using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, which is notably more accurate than Euler methods. However, when the mathematical error due to the solver is drastically reduced, other sources of error arise. In the case of converters that use deadtimes to control the switches, such as any power converter including half-bridge modules, the inductor current reaching zero during deadtimes generates a model error large enough to offset the advantages of the Runge–Kutta method. A specific model is needed for such events. In this paper, an approximation is proposed, where the time step is divided into two semi-steps. This serves to recover the accuracy of the calculations at the expense of needing a division operation. A fixed-point implementation in VHDL is proposed, reusing a block along several calculation cycles to compute the needed parameters for the Runge–Kutta method. The implementation in a low-cost field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) (Xilinx Artix-7) achieves an integration time of 1μs. The calculation errors are six orders of magnitude smaller for both capacitor voltage and inductor current for the worst case, the one where the current reaches zero during the deadtimes in 78% of the simulated cycles. The accuracy achieved with the proposed fixed point implementation is very close to that of 64-bit floating point and can operate in real time with a resolution of 1μs. Therefore, the results show that this approach is suitable for modeling converters based on half-bridge modules by using FPGAs. This solution is intended for easy integration into any HIL system, including commercial HIL systems, showing that its application even with relatively high integration steps (1μs) surpasses the results of techniques with even faster integration steps that do not take these events into account.

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Hardware-in-the-loop system numerical methods evaluation based on brush DC-motor model

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Rapid Control Prototyping of Five-Level MMC based Induction Motor Drive with different Switching Frequencies

Rapid Control Prototyping of Five-Level MMC based Induction Motor Drive with different Switching Frequencies

Performance Analysis of 9, 11, 13, and 15 – Level Back-to-Back Connected Modular Multilevel Converters fed Doubly Fed Induction Machine

Modeling of Deadtime Events in Power Converters with Half-Bridge Modules for a Highly Accurate Hardware-in-the-Loop Fixed Point Implementation in FPGA

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