Hardware-in-the-loop simulation to evaluate the drive performance of the electric two-wheelers on a motor dynamometer

Kang, Dae Kyung; Kim, Min Soo

doi:10.1007/s12239-015-0105-3

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compared with the results using the global positioning system [5], where the rate of error in the efficiency when using the estimated power and measured power is 19.72%, the maximum error rate of the efficiency in this study, which is 10.9%, is acceptable. Although the method [6] using hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the electric bicycle driven on a motor dynamometer shows an energy efficiency error rate of 0.06% between the simulation and field test, it does not take into consideration the transmission system of the electric bicycles. When only the chain drive system estimation is considered [11], it is reported that the transmission efficiency error rate of the chain drive system itself is 0.23-3.77%; thus, the error rate is expected to increase significantly when other transmission components are considered.…”

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It turns out that the efficiency of the transmission system, which is the ratio of the estimated consumed power to the measured generated power, is 80.28%. Kang et al [6] proposed a method for evaluating energy efficiency using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation for an electric bicycle driven on a motor dynamometer. The performance of the electric bicycles was computed for the simulation and field test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems

Zhang¹,

Tak²

2021

Sustainability

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In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles.

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Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems

Zhang¹,

Tak²

2021

Sustainability

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“…The results show the behavior of variables such as system voltage, current, efficiency, and cell power. Kang et al [11] proposed an assessment method for the engine and battery behavior of an electric vehicle using a dynamometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance

Arango

López

Ceren

2021

WEVJ

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Around the world, the e-bike has evolved from a recreational and sports object to an increasingly used means of transportation. Due to this, improving aspects such as range and energy efficiency has become very relevant. This article presents experimental models for the components’ efficiency of a mid-drive motor e-bike (charger; battery; and controller, motor, and reduction gears subsystem), and integrates them with previously elaborated models for the chain transmission system, thus generating an overall efficiency map of the e-bike. The range of the electric bicycle is analyzed by integrating the efficiency map of the system and its performance mathematical model, aiming to determine the per unit of distance battery energy consumption. The above-mentioned calculations are applied to develop a management strategy that can determine the optimal assistance level and chain transmission ratio, maximizing range and leaving speed unaffected. The driving strategy was compared against other driving techniques using computational analysis, this allowed for the observation of the proposed strategy improving the system’s range by reducing the battery energy consumption.

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Pedaling torque sensor-less power assist control of an electric bike via model-based impedance control

Cheon

Nam

2017

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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Hardware-in-the-loop simulation to evaluate the drive performance of the electric two-wheelers on a motor dynamometer

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems

Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems

Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance

Pedaling torque sensor-less power assist control of an electric bike via model-based impedance control

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