Hardware implementation of an improved control strategy for battery–supercapacitor hybrid system in electric vehicles

Abstract

This study deals with the implementation of an efficient control strategy using battery-supercapacitor for an electric vehicle driven by a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The whole system consists of two parts: the energy management system and the traction system. The energy management system is mainly composed of a fuzzy-Lyapunov controller used to regulate both the current sources and the DC-bus voltage. For the traction system, direct torque control based on 12 sectors drive is used for the control of the motor to ensure both decoupled flux and torque with low ripple compared with the conventional Direct Torque Control (DTC). To make a comparative study for the energy management system, two strategies of energy management have been implemented. The first strategy does not include the regulation of the supercapacitor voltage, whereas the second one is based on the regulation of the supercapacitor voltage to protect it from deep discharge and avoid short circuit. The experimental tests were implemented using two dSPACE 1104 implementation boards. The results show that the system under the second energy control strategy works perfectly and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control technique.

Hybrid energy storage system topology approaches for use in transport vehicles: A review

“…96 Threat: If battery price reduces significantly, HESS benefits EVs, 48 and SCs cannot be a primary energy source. 92 4.1.4 | Fully active [101][102][103][104][105][106][107] Strength: It takes full advantage of the SC, improves system efficiency while enhancing battery lifespan, 101 and allows constant DC bus voltage. Besides, regenerative braking charges the battery and the SC, 96,102 there is superior losses, 103,104,106,107 flexible technical design, and provides adequate scaling of energy and power.…”

“…Sellali et al 104 use the parallel‐active topology to develop hybrid battery‐SC ESS in EVs. This topology has an increased number of degree‐of‐freedom.…”

“…92 4.1.4 | Fully active [101][102][103][104][105][106][107] Strength: It takes full advantage of the SC, improves system efficiency while enhancing battery lifespan, 101 and allows constant DC bus voltage. Besides, regenerative braking charges the battery and the SC, 96,102 there is superior losses, 103,104,106,107 flexible technical design, and provides adequate scaling of energy and power. 73,80 Weakness: High cost because of additional DC-to-DC converter, 90,92,96 and complex.…”

“…73 Opportunity: There is a need to provide a matching and sizing method for HESS, 102 battery lifespan improvement, 103 effective SC voltage regulation, which allows the system to respond to future power demand by having SC charged optimally. 104 Threat: HESS efficiency relies on battery and SC technologies. 102…”

Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Health-Conscious Predictive Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…The EMS based on the OBS are divided into Global Optimization Rules (GORs) or offline rules and Instantaneous Optimization Rules (IORs). The IORs are also called real-time optimization rules [14]. OBSs are used to minimize a cost function, which usually reflects the fuel consumption over a fixed driving cycle.…”