Hardware Efficient Architecture for Element-Based Lattice Reduction Aided K-Best Detector for MIMO Systems

Abstract

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems are characterised by increased capacity and improved performance compared to the single-input single-output (SISO) systems. One of the main challenge in the design of MIMO systems is the detection of the transmitted signals due to the interference caused by the multiple simultaneously transmitted symbols from the multiple transmit antennas. Several detection techniques have been proposed in the literature in order to reduce the detection complexity, while maintaining the required quality of service. Among these low-complexity techniques is the Lattice Reduction (LR), which can provide good performance and significantly lower complexity compared to Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. In this paper we propose to use the so-called Element-based Lattice Reduction (ELR) combined with K-Best detector for the sake of attaining a better Bit Error Ratio (BER) performance and lower complexity than the conventional Lenstra, Lanstra, and Lovasz (LLL) LR-aided detection. Additionally, we propose a hardware implementation for the ELR-aided K-Best detector for a MIMO system equipped with four transmit and four receive antennas. The ELR-aided K-Best detector requires an extra 18% increase in power consumption and an extra 20% in area overhead compared to a regular K-Best detector dispensing with ELR, where this increase in the hardware requirements is needed in order to achieve a 2 dB performance improvement at a bit error rate of 10 −5 .

Reduced complexity lattice‐based multiple‐input multiple‐output schemes

“…As discussed in this study, it will be interesting to explore the second possible implementation of the proposed scheme and compare its result to other interesting hardware architectures for LRA K‐best as investigated in [36, 37].…”

Capacity Analysis of Lattice Reduction Aided Equalizers for Massive MIMO Systems

“…In [21], the authors proposed element based lattice reduction (ELR) combined with K-best detector for the MIMO system. They demonstrated that the proposed system provides better BER performance than the conventional LLL methods with a reduction in complexity.…”

“…Several LR algorithms have been proposed over the years; of those, the LLL algorithm is the most popular one [20,21]. The main motivation for using LR-aided receiver is to nullify the channel effect by taking advantage of orthogonalization.…”

Sub-optimal Deep Pipelined Implementation of MIMO Sphere Detector on FPGA

“…The simulated result shows a maximum throughput of 2.2 Gbps, which so far is the fastest hardware of FSD implementation in our record. K-best is another popular SD accelerator architecture and has been actively studied recently [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The K-Best SD is based on breadth-first search, which considers only the best (K) candidates at each level to be passed to the next level of the search tree.…”