Neural network is one of the important basic knowledge in computer, chemistry and information science, microelectronics technology and other fields. It has good universality in dealing with nonlinear system problems, and is widely used in industrial automation and intelligent control. This paper mainly introduces the mathematical model, algorithm design and implementation method of the construction machinery robot arm, and studies and analyzes its kinematics. Based on the neural network and artificial neuron theory, this paper constructs the robot arm position recognition technology in the object feature database for the characteristics and requirements of the subject. Finally, the function of the robot arm control model is tested, and the test results show that the arm support of the model has a long elongation distance, which can meet the production requirements.