Hardness Tests Research: Report on the Effects of Adhesion between the Indenting Tool and the Material in Ball and Cone Indentation Hardness Tests

Hankins, Gabriel

doi:10.1243/pime_proc_1925_108_027_02

Cited by 32 publications

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“…We have therefore ignored friction in the following analysis. However, we note that if Hankins' (1925) model is accepted, then the importance of a large included angle for the cusps in this situation is clearly one of reducing friction.…”

Section: Indentation Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Seed‐breaking forces exerted by orang‐utans with their teeth in captivity and a new technique for estimating forces produced in the Wild

Lucas¹,

Peters²,

Arrandale³

1994

American J Phys Anthropol

133

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Orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) at the Singapore Zoological Gardens were presented with two thick-shelled edible seeds, Mezzettia parviflora (Annonaceae) and Macadamia ternifolia (Proteaceae) in order to estimate their maximum bite forces. The orang-utans could break the Macadamia seeds in one bite, while those of Mezzettia required repeated attempts. Examination of shell fragments showed that many had scratches and some had clear, but small (ca. 1-2 mm diameter), impressions on them. Building upon this information, semi-imitative tests were performed on the seeds in a universal testing machine by loading them in compression with either flat plates or metal casts of orang-utan cheek teeth. The maximum forces required to break the seeds were similar with both the flat plates and the metal teeth; the average for the Macadamia seeds being about 2,000 N (which forms a minimum estimate for the maximum bite forces in orang-utans) and for the Mezzettia seeds, 6,000 N. The work done with the metal teeth was much greater than with the plates. A mechanical analysis showed that this extra work went into producing permanent impressions ("bite marks") in the shell with the tooth cusps. These impressions were larger than those found on the shells of seeds bitten by the orang-utans. Nevertheless, it is shown theoretically that the size of these indentations can given an estimate of the bite forces used. The maximum force developed in the machine tests with the metal teeth was correlated with the force calculated from analysis of the bite marks. The method is suitable for use in field studies where the marks left on remnants of hard foods eaten by primates may be used to estimate, very roughly, the forces used to produce them.

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Section: Indentation Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Seed‐breaking forces exerted by orang‐utans with their teeth in captivity and a new technique for estimating forces produced in the Wild

Lucas¹,

Peters²,

Arrandale³

1994

American J Phys Anthropol

133

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“…In general, these approaches all use plasticity theory to predict the yield pressure which the material exhibits as it is being penetrated. Discussions of this method of approach were presented by Tabor (19S1), Hill (19SO), Bishop et al (1945), and Hankins (1923). An extension of this approach to the viscoplastic case was presented by Rebinder and Semenenko (1949).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of a Multiple Needle Tenderometer for Raw Meat*

Morrow

Mohsenin

1976

Journal of Texture Studies

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The mechanics of an “Armour Tenderometer” type of probe used for quality evaluation of raw meat was investigated. The geometry of the probe was simulated in a series of conical indenters and used to test two non‐food materials. The results indicated that it is possible to employ a conical indenter to evaluate a material property, yield pressure, independent of probe geometry and depth of penetration. This information should facilitate the development of an instrumentation system for use with meat. Suggestions are given for continuation of this research.

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Die einzelnen Formungsvorgänge

Sachs

1934

Praktische Metallkunde

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Hardness Tests Research: Report on the Effects of Adhesion between the Indenting Tool and the Material in Ball and Cone Indentation Hardness Tests

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Seed‐breaking forces exerted by orang‐utans with their teeth in captivity and a new technique for estimating forces produced in the Wild

Seed‐breaking forces exerted by orang‐utans with their teeth in captivity and a new technique for estimating forces produced in the Wild

Mechanics of a Multiple Needle Tenderometer for Raw Meat*

Die einzelnen Formungsvorgänge

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