Hardness and tribological properties of electrodeposited Ni–P multilayer coatings fabricated through a stirring time-controlled technique

Kothanam, Nujira; Harachai, Komsak; Qin, Jiaqian; Boonyongmaneerat, Yuttanant; Triroj, Napat; Jaroenapibal, Papot

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.145

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The gradual increase in phosphorus content within the coating layer causes a shift in the coating structure from microcrystalline to nanocrystalline [11]. In this high P regime, diffuse hardening diminishes, resulting in decreased hardness [12][13][14]. This work is consistent with reports by Y. Li et al [9], K.-H. Hou et al [10], and H.-H. Sheu et al [15], which demonstrate the decrease in microhardness of Ni-P coatings as the phosphorus content increases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Duty Cycle on the Phosphorus Content and Hardness of the Ni-P Coatings Produced by Pulse-Current Electroplating

Wintachai,

Kothanam,

Harachai

et al. 2024

SSP

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Ni-P coatings were prepared on low carbon steel substrates using the pulse electrodeposition method. The influence of the pulse duty cycle on the phosphorus content and hardness of the Ni-P coatings was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to examine the surface morphology and chemical composition of the Ni-P coating layers. The results showed that an increased pulse duty cycle (20% - 80%) led to a decreased phosphorus content from 17.81 wt.% to 13.71 wt.%. The microhardness values were found to have an inverse relationship with the phosphorus content. The highest hardness of 538.22 ± 12.92 HV0.1 was obtained from the sample produced with a duty cycle of 80%, which had the lowest P content of 13.71 wt.%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Duty Cycle on the Phosphorus Content and Hardness of the Ni-P Coatings Produced by Pulse-Current Electroplating

Wintachai,

Kothanam,

Harachai

et al. 2024

SSP

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“…The maximum P content of the amorphous Fe-P deposit is predicted to be 26. 35 wt.% at a bath temperature of 60°C, a pH of 1.2 and a H 2 PO 2 − concentration of 60 g/L. Based on three repeated experiments under the optimal conditions, the average P content is 19.57 ± 0.61 wt.%, with a relative error of 25.73% from the predicted value.…”

Section: Doe and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This phenomenon can be explained as follows: an increase in H 2 PO 2 − concentration leads to a higher P content in the deposit and increasing the density of the surface; additionally, adding an appropriate amount of phosphorous in the deposit promotes solid solution strengthening. However, a reverse Hall-Petch effect may occur in deposits with high P contents [35,36], resulting in a decrease in hardness. Moreover, as the H 2 PO 2 − concentration further increases, numerous gas pores appear in the coatings, resulting in a decrease in the microhardness.…”

Section: Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Optimization of Electrodeposited Amorphous Fe-P Alloys Using CCC Design and RSM

Zhang,

Yu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In this study, central composite circumscribed (CCC) design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to model and optimize the electrodeposition characteristics of amorphous Fe-P alloys. Based on the results of a previous single-factor experiment, the significance of the influencing factors was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Three factors significantly impacting the P content, hardness and corrosion current density of a deposit were identified: the bath temperature, pH and H2PO2− concentration. The statistical relationships between the process parameters and individual responses were established based on the CCC experimental data and RSM. The optimal parameters for each response were derived, and the influences of interaction terms were investigated. A desirability function was applied to determine the sample with the optimal comprehensive performance, featuring both high hardness and low corrosion current density. Due to the complex electrodeposition mechanisms of amorphous Fe-P alloys, the predicted P contents in deposits largely deviated from the experimental contents. However, the predictions of the hardness, corrosion current density and comprehensive performance were very accurate.

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“…Electrodeposited composites based on Ni-P alloys with different solid particles are promising as protective coatings due to their outstanding corrosion and wear resistance properties. These make them popular choices across multiple industries [15,16]The hardness of pristine Ni-P coatings can reach approximately 540−580 HV [17,18]. The incorporation of diamond particles in Ni-P deposits has been shown to significantly improve properties such as hardness, corrosion, and wear resistance of the coatings [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Current Density on Hardness of Ni-P/Diamond Composite Coatings Fabricated by Electrodeposition

Kothanam,

Hom-on,

Srimaneerat

et al. 2024

SSP

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Nickel-Phosphorous/diamond coatings were electrodeposited onto steel substrates using a pulse-stirring method. The electrodeposition process involved a solution containing nickel sulphate, phosphorus acid, and diamond particles, resulting in the co-electrodeposition of 4-8 µm of diamond particles into a Ni-P matrix. To investigate the effects of electrodeposition current density on the properties of the Ni-P/diamond composite coating, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing, and electrochemical testing were employed. The research findings revealed that higher current density (0.03 A/cm2) led to a denser diamond particle coating with diamond contents of up to 32.70 vol%. Additionally, the Ni-P/diamond coatings achieved a maximum hardness of 2819 ± 12.55 HV0.1 when fabricated using the current density of 0.03 A/cm2. The "pulse-stirring fabrication" method yields a coating with significantly enhanced wear resistance due to incorporating densely packed diamond particles. The intermittent pulses during the fabrication process are crucial for achieving the desired dispersion and adhesion of the diamond particles, leading to a practical and durable wear-resistant coating.

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Hardness and tribological properties of electrodeposited Ni–P multilayer coatings fabricated through a stirring time-controlled technique

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Influence of Duty Cycle on the Phosphorus Content and Hardness of the Ni-P Coatings Produced by Pulse-Current Electroplating

Influence of Duty Cycle on the Phosphorus Content and Hardness of the Ni-P Coatings Produced by Pulse-Current Electroplating

Modelling and Optimization of Electrodeposited Amorphous Fe-P Alloys Using CCC Design and RSM

Effect of Current Density on Hardness of Ni-P/Diamond Composite Coatings Fabricated by Electrodeposition

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