Hardground formation in the Bannock Basin, Eastern Mediterranean

Sequence and isotope stratigraphy of Late Triassic distal periplatform limestones from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Kälberstein Quarry, Berchtesgaden Hallstatt Zone)

“…isotopically heavy platform-derived aragonite (Shinn et al 1989) vs ªlightº pelagic calcite (e.g. Aghib et al 1991), also can hardly explain our observations. The same isotope values are measured in a brachiopod sample from the basal coquina and in nearby micrite samples (Fig.…”

Epilithozoan fauna associated with ferromanganese crustgrounds on the continental slope segment between Capri and Li Galli Islands (Bay of Salerno, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)

“…Until now, shallower metal-bearing crusts from the Campania continental slope and the Italian mainland peninsula have never been found. More specifically, deep-sea ferromanganese-coated hard substrata from the Tyrrhenian Sea have been reported by Selli (1970), Bonatti et al (1972), Morten et al (1980), Rossi et al (1980), Allouc (1986Allouc ( , 1987Allouc ( , 1990, Aghib et al (1991), Bromley and Allouc (1992), Corselli et al (1994), and Allouc et al (1999), certain deposits being also significantly phosphatized (Remia et al 2004). Most of these studies describe and interpret slightly lithified pelagic to hemipelagic micrites or biomicrites overlain by Fe-Mn black coatings from the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea basins.…”

“…Most of these studies describe and interpret slightly lithified pelagic to hemipelagic micrites or biomicrites overlain by Fe-Mn black coatings from the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea basins. The latter deposits are largely Quaternary in age, although the lithified sediments may be as old as the Miocene (Fischer and Garrison 1967;Allouc 1986;Aghib et al 1991). The formation of the ferromanganese coatings is the result of geological processes and climatic changes that characterized the Mediterranean Sea during the Quaternary when the present-day oceanographical regime and the geochemical and homeothermic deep-sea conditions became established (PØrs and Picard 1964;Bellan-Santini et al 1992;Galil and Zibrowius 1998;Taviani 2002).…”

“…Marine ferromanganese coating is ubiquitous in the Mediterranean Sea in water depths of between about 200 and 3,000 m (Sartori 1974;Bernoulli and McKenzie 1981;Groupe Escarmed 1983;Allouc 1990;Aghib et al 1991;Bromley and Allouc 1992). Until now, shallower metal-bearing crusts from the Campania continental slope and the Italian mainland peninsula have never been found.…”

Abnormal carbonate diagenesis in Holocene–late Pleistocene sapropel-associated sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean; evidence from Emiliania huxleyi coccolith morphology

“…Coccoliths, including E. huxleyi, with incipient syntaxial overgrowth are common in Holocene -late Pleistocene hardgrounds widespread in the Eastern Mediterranean and less common in the western basin (Allouc, 1990;Aghib et al, 1991). Here, overgrowth appears to be related to precipitation of high-magnesian calcite from interstitial waters close to the sediment/water interface.…”