Hardening and Roughness Reduction of Carbon Steel by Laser Polishing

Stein, Stefan; Börret, Rainer; Kelm, Andreas; Reiter, Elvira; Schneider, Gerhard; Riegel, Harald

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07383-5_29

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While the hardening depth is limited to 2 mm [215], specific advantages of laser hardening compared to other hardening processes are the reduced or even vanishing amount of post processing and the cost reduction by reduced energy consumption and the elimination of external cooling processes by e. g. water spray [215]. Moreover, increasing the surface temperature above the melting point leads to surface remelting, which can be used for the reduction of the surface roughness and surface hardening [247]. Depending on the thickness of the molten layer, cooling rates may exceed 10 4 K/s, leaving a white layer behind.…”

Section: Changing Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in macro-scale laser processing

Schmidt

Zäh

et al. 2018

CIRP Annals

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Section: Changing Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in macro-scale laser processing

Schmidt

Zäh

et al. 2018

CIRP Annals

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“…In the literature, different explanations for the formation of surface structure can be found. First, melting of the metal can lead to vaporization of the metal due to impurities and the ejection of this gas can build up crater-like structures [19]. Another approach suggests that the laser power is only sufficient to melt the material except the carbides, which have a higher melting temperature.…”

Section: Fig 3: Sem Images Of the Cross-sections Of A) Ground And B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Modification of Tool Surfaces by Abrasive Blasting and Laser Polishing

Wild

Bestenlehrer²,

Merklein

2020

DDF

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The surface treatment of tools plays an important role for the operational behaviour of forming processes. Up to now, industrial standard is the manual finishing of tool surfaces, which can lead to a varying quality of the surface finish and therefore influence the tool service life and the forming results. One method to perform the polishing operation automatically is to remelt the top layer of materials by laser polishing. This is accompanied by a considerable change in the material properties in this zone. Therefore, the effect of laser polishing with respect to the local modification of the tool surface is investigated in this study. The results of the investigations reveal that a precise adjustment of the laser parameters is required in order to reduce the roughness of the surface. The heat input also leads to a significant influence on the microstructure of the material. In this study laser polishing remelts the material up to a depth of approximately 20 µm. Furthermore, it can be observed that the heat input during the process results in a heat affected zone of up to a depth of 30 µm. As a contrast to laser polishing, abrasive blasting is investigated as a roughness increasing surface modification.

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“…Thereby the surface structure is smoothed selectively or globally, by outer layer remelting in the range of several micrometers or material removal. [1][2][3][4]9,10 As a result of a very rapid resolidification, an extremely fine microstructure arises. With precipitation hardening steels, the surface is simultaneously hardened up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With precipitation hardening steels, the surface is simultaneously hardened up. 3,4 Basically, laser polishing can be distingued into macro and micro laser polishing. Macro polishing is normally used with continuous wave (cw)-laser radiation on initial surfaces of Ra ¼ 2 lm to Ra ¼ 16 lm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser polishing of ground aluminum surfaces with high energy continuous wave laser

Burzic

Hofele

Mürdter

et al. 2016

Journal of Laser Applications

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Conventional polishing of components is a time-and labor-intensive process. Moreover, manual polishing mostly depends on the processor's abilities. In accordance with these and additional difficulties, there is a strong need for automatable and efficient variants. For this purpose, polishing by means of laser beam, which enables a contact free and automatable processing of surfaces, provides a promising alternative. This paper investigates the laser polishing of the aluminum alloy AlSi9MnMg. Aluminum poses a particular challenge for laser polishing, due to high level of reflection, high thermal conductivity, and high coefficient of thermal expansion. For the investigations, a disk laser with a maximum power of 4000 W was used. The processing took place with pulsed wave laser beam at a pulse frequency of 1000 Hz and a minimal pulse duration of 0.3 ms as well as a continuous wave laser beam. The beam guidance was done by 1D-scanner optics in a highly pure inert gas atmosphere. The samples were first generated by vacural pressure and gravity die casting and afterward (belt) ground with a grain size of mesh 180 resulting in a roughness of the initial surfaces from Ra ¼ 1 lm to Ra ¼ 4 lm. A cleaning of the surfaces by means of short pulsed wave laser beam with ns pulse duration followed. The samples were analyzed quantitatively by perthometer for determining surface characteristics Ra, Rz, and Rt according to EN ISO 4288 as well as qualitatively using a white light interferometer and a microscope. First of all, the influence of the manufacturing process of the components on the laser polishing was investigated. A dependence is detected on laser polishing with pulsed and continuous wave laser beam, resulting in more favorable pressure die casted samples compared with gravity die casted samples. Both laser processing variants lead to a reduction of roughness of the initial surfaces in the range of Ra ¼ 2.17 lm to Ra ¼ 2.34 lm to a minimum roughness reached by laser polishing with pulsed wave laser beams of Ra ¼ 0.19 lm and with continuous wave to a minimum of Ra ¼ 0.15 lm. The achieved area rates at a continuous wave mode ranged between 20 and 60 cm 2 /min, whereas pulsed wave laser beams achieved only 5.5 cm 2 /min due to hardware-specific limits of the used system.

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Hardening and Roughness Reduction of Carbon Steel by Laser Polishing

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Advances in macro-scale laser processing

Advances in macro-scale laser processing

Analysis of the Modification of Tool Surfaces by Abrasive Blasting and Laser Polishing

Laser polishing of ground aluminum surfaces with high energy continuous wave laser

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