"Hardcore" definitions and their application to a population-based sample of smokers

Costa, Mirco; Cohen, Joanna E.; Chaiton, Michael; Ip, David; McDonald, Paul; Ferrence, Roberta

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq103

Cited by 80 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Multiple studies in industrialized nations indicated that lower education, lower economic status, higher age group and male gender are independent predictors of HCS (Costa et al, 2010). This study highlights higher age, male gender and lower economic status as independent predictors of hardcore smoking but varied across countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Emery et al (2000) used 'expect never to quit', 'no quit attempts in the past one year' and 'CPD>15' as component construct of HCS and found that 1.3% of the California population were hardcore smokers. Using 'no quit attempt', 'no six month quit intention' and 'HSI>4', Costa et al (2010) found that 1.47% of Ontario (Canada) population are hardcore smokers. MacIntosh et al (2006) used 'no quit attempts longer than 24 hr over past year', 'no intention to quit over next 4 week' and 'no desire to quit' to define hardcore smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared with these studies having dependence construct, our study indicates that prevalence of hardcore smoking among adult is 3.1-6% and among daily smoker is 18.7-29.7% which is higher than developed countries. It is to be noted that lack of uniform definition is a problem for direct comparison and also it is seen that more relaxed definition yielded higher prevalence estimate and vis-a-versa (Costa et al, 2010;Docherty et al, 2012). As far as high risk group identification is concerned, standardization of hardcore definition is a need of the time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In absence of standard definition of 'hardcore' smoking, multiple component constructs comprising of motivational, dependence and behavioural variables have been used to define it . These are daily or regular smoking, history of long term smoking, nicotine dependence, no quit attempt in the past, no future intention to quit, smoking despite of knowledge of smoking hazards and social disapprobation of smoking (Costa et al, 2010). Hardcore smokers are usually older males with poor education and income (Jarvis et al, 2003;Auguston et al, 2004;MacIntosh et al, 2006;Ferketich et al, 2009;Jena et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hardcore smoking without dependence construct had observed that higher proportion of hardcore smokers, smoke their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking up and also use more cigarettes (≥15) per day (Jarvis et al, 2003;MacIntosh et al, 2006). Other studies that included dependence component construct, used heaviness of smoking index (HSI) and cigarette per day (CPD≥15) as a measure of dependence (Costa et al, 2010). It is to be noted that CPD and time to first smoke (TTFS) together constitute HSI (Fagerstrom et al, 1990;Heatherton et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hardcore Smoking in Three South-East Asian Countries: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Kishore

Jena²,

Bandyopadhyay³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Hardcore smoking is represented by a subset of daily smokers with high nicotine dependence, inability to quit and unwillingness to quit. Estimating the related burden could help us in identifying a high risk population prone to tobacco induced diseases and improve cessation planning for them. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smoking in three South-East Asian countries and discussed its implication for smoking cessation intervention in this region. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data of India, Bangladesh and Thailand were analyzed to quantify the hardcore smoking prevalence in the region. On the basis of review, an operational definition of hardcore smoking was adopted that includes (1) current daily smoker, (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration, (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting, (4) time to first smoke within 30 minutes of waking up, and (5) knowledge of smoking hazards. Logistic regression analysis was carried out using hardcore smoking status as response variable and gender, type of residence, occupation, education, wealth index and age-group as possible predictors. Results: There were 31.3 million hardcore smokers in the three Asian countries. The adult prevalence of hardcore smoking in these countries ranges between 3.1% in India to 6% in Thailand. These hardcore smokers constitute 18.3-29.7% of daily smokers. The logistic regression model indicated that age, gender, occupation and wealth index are the major predictors of hardcore smoking with varied influence across countries. Conclusions: Presence of a higher number of hardcore smoking populations in Asia is a major public health challenge for tobacco control and cancer prevention. There is need of intensive cessation interventions with due consideration of contextual predictors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hardcore Smoking in Three South-East Asian Countries: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Kishore

Jena²,

Bandyopadhyay³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Helping cancer patients to quit smoking by understanding their risk perception, behavior, and attitudes related to smoking

Chan

Lam

2014

Psycho-Oncology

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Does Level of Tobacco Control Relate to Smoking Prevalence in Canada: A National Survey of Public Health Organizations

Hanusaik

Maximova

Kishchuk³

et al. 2012

Can J Public Health

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he prevalence of cigarette smoking among Canadians aged 15 years and older has declined dramatically in recent decades, from 50% in 1965 to 17.5% in 2009. 1,2 Public health interventions-including, promotion of indoor and outdoor smoke-free policies; enforcement of policies limiting tobacco availability; improvement and expansion of free, comprehensive and evidence-based cessation services; and increased prevention programming 3-5-have been central to this decline. However, the prevalence of smoking remains much too high and tobacco control continues to be a critical role for public health practice and policy. Most jurisdictions in Canada have well-established tobacco control strategies involving numerous organizations 6 that are diverse in mission, structure and funding. In addition to regional-level health authorities and public health units, these organizations include, among others, all levels of government departments, non-governmental and non-profit organizations, coalitions and alliances, paragovernmental agencies and resource centres. Together they provide tobacco control leadership, resources, and advocacy, and deliver programs that contribute to national and provincial goals to make Canada smoke-free. With the dramatic declines in smoking prevalence and the attendant view in some jurisdictions that the problem of smoking has been "solved", there is increasing concern 7-9 about declining political will, waning levels of institutional support and reduced public interest priority for tobacco control activities in Canada. Over the past few years, the decline in the prevalence of smoking has, in fact, stalled, 1 possibly related in part to a declining commitment to tobacco control. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to monitor the breadth and depth of tobacco control activities in chronic disease prevention (CDP) organizations across Canada, and to better understand the impact of these activities on the prevalence of smoking. However, few reports describe tobacco control activities within the provincially-mandated public health systems in Canada, 7,8,10 and there are no reports that describe the effort expended in tobacco control by the many different types of organizations that comprise these systems. This paper describes levels of tobacco control "effort" in public health organizations across provinces in Canada, and tests whether "effort" is associated with

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"Hardcore" definitions and their application to a population-based sample of smokers

Abstract: Estimates of the prevalence of "hardcore" smokers in Ontario varied considerably between the six definitions of the "hardcore" smokers found in the population-based literature. This study underscores the need for consensus on the best definition of "hardcore" smoker.

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Hardcore Smoking in Three South-East Asian Countries: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Hardcore Smoking in Three South-East Asian Countries: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Helping cancer patients to quit smoking by understanding their risk perception, behavior, and attitudes related to smoking

Does Level of Tobacco Control Relate to Smoking Prevalence in Canada: A National Survey of Public Health Organizations

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