Hard X-Ray/Soft Gamma-Ray Experiments and Missions: Overview and Prospects

Cavallari, Erica; Frontera, F.

doi:10.1007/s11214-017-0426-9

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 447 publications

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“…We conclude with an intriguing speculation. In recent years, satellites like INTEGRAL, RXTE, XMM-Newton, ASCA and NuSTAR have revealed that a considerable fraction of the bolometric luminosity of magnetars falls in the hard, rather than the soft, X-ray band [38]. While this has been observed for around nine magnetars, it is difficult to rule out this phenomenon for non-detected sources [1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining axion-like-particles with hard X-ray emission from magnetars

Fortin

Sinha

2018

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Axion-like particles (ALPs) produced in the core of a magnetar will convert to photons in the magnetosphere, leading to possible signatures in the hard X-ray band. We perform a detailed calculation of the ALP-to-photon conversion probability in the magnetosphere, recasting the coupled differential equations that describe ALP-photon propagation into a form that is efficient for large scale numerical scans. We show the dependence of the conversion probability on the ALP energy, mass, ALP-photon coupling, magnetar radius, surface magnetic field, and the angle between the magnetic field and direction of propagation. Along the way, we develop an analytic formalism to perform similar calculations in more general n-state oscillation systems. Assuming ALP emission rates from the core that are just subdominant to neutrino emission, we calculate the resulting constraints on the ALP mass versus ALP-photon coupling space, taking SGR 1806-20 as an example. In particular, we take benchmark values for the magnetar radius and core temperature, and constrain the ALP parameter space by the requirement that the luminosity from ALPto-photon conversion should not exceed the total observed luminosity from the magnetar. The resulting constraints are competitive with constraints from helioscope experiments in the relevant part of ALP parameter space.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining axion-like-particles with hard X-ray emission from magnetars

Fortin

Sinha

2018

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…A recollection of the discovery and early observations of the 511 keV line can be found in the historical review on hard X-/soft gamma-ray astronomy by [17]. For a recent review including the astrophysical implications, see [62].…”

Section: The 511 Kev Positron Annihilation Line From the Galactic Center Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the origin of the positron annihilation line and the physics of supernova explosions

et al. 2021

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Nuclear astrophysics, and particularly nuclear emission line diagnostics from a variety of cosmic sites, has remained one of the least developed fields in experimental astronomy, despite its central role in addressing a number of outstanding questions in modern astrophysics. Radioactive isotopes are co-produced with stable isotopes in the fusion reactions of nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions and other violent events, such as neutron star mergers. The origin of the 511 keV positron annihilation line observed in the direction of the Galactic Center is a 50-year-long mystery. In fact, we still do not understand whether its diffuse large-scale emission is entirely due to a population of discrete sources, which are unresolved with current poor angular resolution instruments at these energies, or whether dark matter annihilation could contribute to it. From the results obtained in the pioneering decades of this experimentally-challenging window, it has become clear that some of the most pressing issues in high-energy astrophysics and astro-particle physics would greatly benefit from significant progress in the observational capabilities in the keV-to-MeV energy band. Current instrumentation is in fact not sensitive enough to detect radioactive and annihilation lines from a wide variety of phenomena in our and nearby galaxies, let alone study the spatial distribution of their emission. In this White Paper (WP), we discuss how unprecedented studies in this field will become possible with a new low-energy gamma-ray space experiment, called ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics), which combines new imaging, spectroscopic and polarization capabilities. In a separate WP (Guidorzi et al. 39), we discuss how the same mission concept will enable new groundbreaking studies of the physics of Gamma–Ray Bursts and other high-energy transient phenomena over the next decades.

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“…A brief review of the hard X-ray surveys before the INTEGRAL era is presented hereafter. A more detailed overview of the Hard X-ray/Soft gamma-ray experiments and missions can be found in Cavallari and Frontera (2017). Markert et al (1979) described observations of the cosmic X-ray sky performed by the MIT 1-40 keV X-ray detectors on the OSO 7 satellite between 1971 October and 1973 May.…”

Section: Observations Before Integralmentioning

confidence: 99%

15 years of Galactic surveys and hard X-ray Background measurements

Krivonos,

Bird,

Churazov

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The INTEGRAL hard X-ray surveys have proven to be of fundamental importance. INTEGRAL has mapped the Galactic plane with its large field of view and excellent sensitivity. Such hard X-ray snapshots of the whole Milky Way on a time scale of a year are beyond the capabilities of past and current narrow-FOV grazing incidence X-ray telescopes. By expanding the INTEGRAL X-ray survey into shorter timescales, a productive search for transient X-ray emitters was made possible. In more than fifteen years of operation, the INTEGRAL observatory has given us a sharper view of the hard X-ray sky, and provided the triggers for many followup campaigns from radio frequencies to gamma-rays. In addition to conducting a census of hard X-ray sources across the entire sky, INTEGRAL has carried out, through Earth occultation maneuvers, unique observations of the large-scale cosmic X-ray background, which will without question be included in the annals of X-ray astronomy as one of the mission's most salient contribution to our understanding of the hard X-ray sky.

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Hard X-Ray/Soft Gamma-Ray Experiments and Missions: Overview and Prospects

Cited by 14 publications

References 447 publications

Constraining axion-like-particles with hard X-ray emission from magnetars

Constraining axion-like-particles with hard X-ray emission from magnetars

Understanding the origin of the positron annihilation line and the physics of supernova explosions

15 years of Galactic surveys and hard X-ray Background measurements

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